Integrating Association Rules with Decision Trees in Object-Relational Databases

Modeling techniques play an important role in the development of database applications. Well-known entity-relationship modeling and its extensions have become a widely-accepted approach for relational database conceptual design. An object-oriented approach has brought a new view of conceptual modeling. A class as a fundamental concept of the object-oriented approach encapsulates both data and behavior, whereas traditional relational databases are able to store only data. In the early 1990s, the difference between the relational and object-oriented (OO) technologies, which were, and are still used together to build complex software systems, was labeled the object-relational impedance mismatch (Ambler, 2003). The object-oriented approach and the need of new application areas to store complex data have greatly influenced database technology since that time. Besides appearance of object-oriented database systems, which fully implement objectoriented paradigm in a database environment (Catell et al., 2003), traditional relational database management systems become object-relational (Stonebraker & Brown, 1999). The most recent versions of the SQL standard, SQL: 1999 (Melton & Simon (2001) and SQL: 2003 (Eisenberg et al., 2004), introduced object-relational features to the standard and leading database producers have already released packages which incorporate them.

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Organizing Multimedia Objects by Using Class Algebra

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, First Edition ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-553-5.ch395 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 2243-2247

Author(s):

Daniel J. Buehrer

Keyword(s):

Web Services ◽

Semantic Web ◽

Relational Databases ◽

Service Oriented Architectures ◽

Web Based ◽

Xml Documents ◽

Object Relational ◽

Service Oriented ◽

Persistent Data ◽

Hypertext Markup Language

Web-based applications (Web services and service-oriented architectures) can be run via a Web-based browser. There are several approaches to writing such Web-based applications. A lightweight approach is suitable for hand-held devices. In this approach, a Java servlet or a JSP page (Java 2 Platform, JSP), or an ASP application (Microsoft .NET, ASP) generates HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), XHTML, or XML documents (W3C Semantic Web Activity, XHTML, XML) to be displayed by the browser. Most browsers use an anchored URLs extension (e.g., .doc, .jpg, .xml, etc.) to choose an appropriate plug-in to display the URL when it is clicked. Besides displaying text and multimedia, Web servers and/or browsers can also execute Java applets or scripting languages to read and/or change persistent data. Previously, about 98% of these data were stored in relational or object-relational databases. However, recently more of these data are being stored in XML-based documents. Often these documents have an associated “schema” declaring the nesting of tags and the types of primitive values, or an “ontology” (Everett et al., 2002, Hunter, 2003) declaring classes, attributes, and relations that are used in the document.

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