Return of CFA: call-site sensitivity can be superior to object sensitivity even for object-oriented programs

In this paper, we challenge the commonly-accepted wisdom in static analysis that object sensitivity is superior to call-site sensitivity for object-oriented programs. In static analysis of object-oriented programs, object sensitivity has been established as the dominant flavor of context sensitivity thanks to its outstanding precision. On the other hand, call-site sensitivity has been regarded as unsuitable and its use in practice has been constantly discouraged for object-oriented programs. In this paper, however, we claim that call-site sensitivity is generally a superior context abstraction because it is practically possible to transform object sensitivity into more precise call-site sensitivity. Our key insight is that the previously known superiority of object sensitivity holds only in the traditional k -limited setting, where the analysis is enforced to keep the most recent k context elements. However, it no longer holds in a recently-proposed, more general setting with context tunneling. With context tunneling, where the analysis is free to choose an arbitrary k -length subsequence of context strings, we show that call-site sensitivity can simulate object sensitivity almost completely, but not vice versa. To support the claim, we present a technique, called Obj2CFA, for transforming arbitrary context-tunneled object sensitivity into more precise, context-tunneled call-site-sensitivity. We implemented Obj2CFA in Doop and used it to derive a new call-site-sensitive analysis from a state-of-the-art object-sensitive pointer analysis. Experimental results confirm that the resulting call-site sensitivity outperforms object sensitivity in precision and scalability for real-world Java programs. Remarkably, our results show that even 1-call-site sensitivity can be more precise than the conventional 3-object-sensitive analysis.

Comparison of Classification Algorithms for Detecting Typical Coastal Reclamation in Guangdong Province with Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 Images

Coastal reclamation in Guangdong Province is highly concentrated and is growing rapidly. However, intensive reclamation use has resulted in serious influence on the coastal ecosystem, directly and indirectly. The current conditions and spatial distribution of reclamations must be detected for coastal preservation and management using efficient technology. This study aims to find a suitable method and data to map reclamations accurately at a large scale. Pixel-based and object-oriented classification methods were applied in extracting the three typical types of coastal reclamation, namely, ports, aquaculture ponds, and salt pans, in Guangdong Province from Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2 images. The algorithms of a support vector machine, random forest, decision tree, and rule-based algorithm were performed. Classification results were compared with statistical measures to assess the performance of different algorithms. The results indicated that all of the algorithms could obtain classification results with high accuracy, whereas the object-oriented algorithm showed less efficiency than other algorithms in classifying ports with complicated features. High-resolution data were not always superior to lower-resolution data in the reclamation classification. Generally speaking, applying the rule-based object-oriented algorithm in Sentinel 2A MSI images is relatively efficient at detecting the reclamation use in coastal Guangdong considering its actual situation. The mapping of reclamations in the whole of coastal Guangdong shows that they present obvious agglomeration characteristics in the space. The aquaculture ponds are mainly distributed in the coastal zones of western Guangdong and eastern Guangdong, with the largest area of 77,963 ha. The other types of ports are mainly distributed in the coastal zones of the Pearl River Delta, with an area of 8146 ha, while salt pans are mainly distributed in the coastal zones of Jiangmen, Zhuhai, and Zhongshan, with a total area of 4072 ha. The results can provide key supporting data for decision making in coastal management and preservation.

Object Oriented Programming Untuk Sistem Informasi Pencatatan Hutang Dalam Pengadaan Obat Pada Rsud X

In the drug procurement process, there is no specific record of debt by the Pharmacy section or by the Finance Sector. The records that are trying to be done are like payment receipts from the Finance Sector paying invoices from the drug industry that have provided drugs to the Pharmacy Section. So that the financial sector in managing debt as well as in recognizing debt and the maturity of debt payments of each supplier. With these obstacles, the RSUD requires an Information System for Recording Debts in Procurement of Auxiliary Drugs for the Pharmaceutical Sector and the Financial Sector in recording Debts, especially in the procurement of Drugs. This data system uses object-oriented programming with a SQL Server database to create an information system that can speed up the forest recording process in drug procurement Keywords: Object Oriented Programing, hutang, RSUD

Implementation of Student Satisfaction Information System to the Final Project Services

The final project service is a supervision service from the lecturer for students who prepare the final project. Satisfactory service can be an effective promotion to prospective students. The Quality Control Group (GKM) of STMIK Indonesia Padang carries out one of their responsibilities, namely analyzing student satisfaction with final assignment services as an evaluation of the performance of final assignment supervisors and also to improve final assignment services. Therefore, we need an information system that can help GKM employees obtain accurate results to analyze student satisfaction. The system development method used is to use an object-oriented methodology. The website-based information system that was built (named WALTA (Final Project Service Satisfaction Analysis Website)) used the Likert scale measurement method to measure the level of student satisfaction with the services of the final assignment supervisor with 5 category levels, namely very satisfying, satisfying, quite satisfying, less satisfying and unsatisfactory. The existence of WALTA, GKM STMIK Indonesia Padang employees worked more effectively and efficiently because there was no need to collect students locally to fill out the questionnaire, no need to print out the questionnaire and process the questionnaire data, and the results of the questionnaire were immediately displayed on WALTA. 32 lecturers supervised the final assignment of Odd Semester 2018/2019. It was found 9 lecturers provided final assignment services with a very satisfying category and 23 lecturers with a satisfactory category. Furthermore, the results of this assessment were one of the lecturers' performance evaluation instruments.

RUANG LINGKUP BAHASA PEMROGRAMAN C++ DALAM MENGELOLA SUMBER DAYA KOMPUTER

Bahasa C ialah bahasa pemrograman procedural, dimana penyelesaian terhadap suatu masalah dilakukan dengan membagi- bagi masalah tersebut ke dalam sub- sub masalah yang lebih kecil. Sementara itu C++ merupakan bahasa pemrograman yang mempunyai sifat Object Oriented Programming( OOP). Bahasa C++ didasarkan atas bahasa C sehingga bisa dilakukan komplikasi program- program yang ditulis dalam bahasa C dengan memakai compiler C++. C++ ialah bahasa turunan dari bahasa pemrograman C, dan C++ dapat menggunakan dan mempunyai seluruh sarana yang ada dalam bahasa pemrograman C tanpa perubahan sedikitpun dalam fungsi- fungsi C. dan juga C++ dapat melakukan pemrograman Assembly langsung di dalam program yang merupakan fitur turunan dari C.

Features of software development using arrays in an object-oriented environment

The features of software development using static and dynamic arrays in the C ++ Builder object-oriented environment are considered. The syntax of various options for creating static and dynamic arrays in the C ++ Builder language is considered in detail. Examples of working with static and dynamic arrays in C ++ Builder developed by the authors and the corresponding algorithms are presented in the form of block diagrams, program codes and program interfaces. Examples of program development are given using one-dimensional and multidimensional arrays. Examples of memory allocation are given for dynamic arrays. The choice of the required method for solving the problem is substantiated, taking into account the available input data and taking into account the expected results, as well as the peculiarities of their obtaining and processing. The external specification and the main features of the solution of the assigned tasks are considered. The development of algorithms and programs for solving problems using arrays in the C ++ Builder environment is the basis for solving engineering and technical problems using software on a computer. The proposed approaches can be used in practice, since the algorithms outlined in the work will serve as a complex example in solving the set engineering and technical problems.

Crop Mapping in the Sanjiang Plain Using an Improved Object-Oriented Method Based on Google Earth Engine and Combined Growth Period Attributes

In recent years, the scale of rural land transfer has gradually expanded, and the phenomenon of non-grain-oriented cultivated land has emerged. Obtaining crop planting information is of the utmost importance to guaranteeing national food security; however, the acquisition of the spatial distribution of crops in large-scale areas often has the disadvantages of excessive calculation and low accuracy. Therefore, the IO-Growth method, which takes the growth stage every 10 days as the index and combines the spectral features of crops to refine the effective interval of conventional wavebands for object-oriented classification, was proposed. The results were as follows: (1) the IO-Growth method obtained classification results with an overall accuracy and F1 score of 0.92, and both values increased by 6.98% compared to the method applied without growth stages; (2) the IO-Growth method reduced 288 features to only 5 features, namely Sentinel-2: Red Edge1, normalized difference vegetation index, Red, short-wave infrared2, and Aerosols, on the 261st to 270th days, which greatly improved the utilization rate of the wavebands; (3) the rise of geographic data processing platforms makes it simple to complete computations with massive data in a short time. The results showed that the IO-Growth method is suitable for large-scale vegetation mapping.

The Pusher as an Object of the Simulation Model in the Tasks of Studying Cyclic Mechanisms Dynamics

The cyclic mechanism is one of the basic automatic machines components. It is the cyclic mechanisms that define the performance and reliability limits of these machines. The methods for assessing the automatic machines reliability are based on data of dynamic forces acting on the mechanism's links, leading to their deformation and possible destruction under certain operating conditions. Simulation modeling of dynamic processes in cyclic mechanisms is based on its representation in the form of interconnected typical objects, the allowable properties and limits of which are known. The article presents the dynamics study results one of the basic high-speed automatic machines mechanism in the object-oriented representation. Mechanism performs translational motion and allows the possibility of one-way kinematic connection breaking.