MIF versus SIF motoneurons, what are their respective contribution in the oculomotor medial rectus pool?

2021 ◽  
pp. JN-RM-1480-21
Author(s):  
Génova Carrero-Rojas ◽  
Rosendo G. Hernández ◽  
Roland Blumer ◽  
Rosa R. de la Cruz ◽  
Angel M. Pastor
Author(s):  
Floris L. Van Nes ◽  
Herman Bouma

Research on the legibility of many new symbol configurations has not kept pace with their increasing use. Such novel configurations appear, for instance, in segmented numerals. This paper reports experiments on their discriminability. Perceptual confusions between members of pairs of seven-segment numerals decreased as these pairs differed in more line segments. Not all segments are equally important for perception. Their perceptive weight can be deduced from their respective contribution to the differences in shape and corresponds to the actually occurring confusions between numeral pairs. These results led to suggestions for improved numerals: a simplified configuration for 6 and 9, another choice of vertical segments for 1, and an accentuation of important segments by broadening or lengthening them somewhat. First, the improvements aim at increasing the discriminability of the numerals, second, at increasing their acceptability; i.e., resemblance to the traditional numeral shapes plays a role.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad M. Mansour ◽  
Bachir Abiad ◽  
Fouad I. Boulos ◽  
Ramzi Alameddine ◽  
Fadi C. Maalouf ◽  
...  

Purpose. To discuss an unusual presentation of ocular toxocariasis.Methods. Case report.Results. A 40-year-old woman presented with decreased vision in the left eye with a long history of recurrent red eye from uveitis. Eosinophilia and positive ELISA titers forToxocara canisfavored the diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis. Over 3 months, an anterior scleral mass had a rapid growth raising the possibility of medulloepithelioma, which rarely can mimic uveitic syndromes. Surgical plan changed from local excision to enucleation. Histopathology demonstrated a large homogeneous mass of chronic inflammatory cells with inflammation of the overlying thinned out sclera, medial rectus insertion, and limbal cornea. The triad of peripheral granuloma, eosinophilia, and positive blood serology established the diagnosis of ocular toxocariasis.Conclusions. Ocular toxocariasis can mimic ocular malignancy such as medulloepithelioma in adults and rarely presents as an anterior scleral mass.


Orbit ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ricarda Bentham ◽  
David R. Jordan ◽  
James Farmer

Author(s):  
Vivekanand U. Warkad ◽  
David G. Hunter ◽  
Alexander F. Dagi ◽  
Sarah Mackinnon ◽  
Melanie A. Kazlas ◽  
...  

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (21) ◽  
pp. 4611-4617 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Olivera-Martinez ◽  
M. Coltey ◽  
D. Dhouailly ◽  
O. Pourquie

Somites are transient mesodermal structures giving rise to all skeletal muscles of the body, the axial skeleton and the dermis of the back. Somites arise from successive segmentation of the presomitic mesoderm (PSM). They appear first as epithelial spheres that rapidly differentiate into a ventral mesenchyme, the sclerotome, and a dorsal epithelial dermomyotome. The sclerotome gives rise to vertebrae and ribs while the dermomyotome is the source of all skeletal muscles and the dorsal dermis. Quail-chick fate mapping and diI-labeling experiments have demonstrated that the epithelial somite can be further subdivided into a medial and a lateral moiety. These two subdomains are derived from different regions of the primitive streak and give rise to different sets of muscles. The lateral somitic cells migrate to form the musculature of the limbs and body wall, known as the hypaxial muscles, while the medial somite gives rise to the vertebrae and the associated epaxial muscles. The respective contribution of the medial and lateral somitic compartments to the other somitic derivatives, namely the dermis and the ribs has not been addressed and therefore remains unknown. We have created quail-chick chimeras of either the medial or lateral part of the PSM to examine the origin of the dorsal dermis and the ribs. We demonstrate that the whole dorsal dermis and the proximal ribs exclusively originates from the medial somitic compartment, whereas the distal ribs derive from the lateral compartment.


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