Continuous Monitoring of Arterial Oxygen Tension in Infants: Four Years of Experience with an Intravascular Oxygen Electrode

In the article "Continuous Monitoring of Arterial Oxygen Tension in Infants: Four Years of Experience with an Intravascular Oxygen Electrode" by Pollitzer et al (Pediatrics 66:31, 1980) the name of one of the authors, Michelle D. Whitehead, BSc, was inadvertently omitted.

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Continuous Monitoring of Arterial Oxygen Tension Using a Catheter-Tip Polarographic Electrode in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.57.2.244 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 244-250

Author(s):

M. Conway ◽

G. M. Durbin ◽

D. Ingram ◽

N. McIntosh ◽

D. Parker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Tension ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽

Oxygen Electrode ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Respiratory Illnesses ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Reliable Instrument ◽

Catheter Tip

An oxygen electrode mounted in the tip of an umbilical artery catheter was used in 36 newborn infants with severe respiratory illnesses, 28 of whom survived. Thirty-seven electrodes were used. The median age at insertion was 4 hours (range, 30 minutes to 122 hours). Three electrodes failed to work and they were removed or replaced, and two could not be properly evaluated. Thirty-two electrodes functioned satisfactorily for 10 to 190 hours (mean, 75 hours) after a one-point calibration against blood sampled through the catheter. Twenty-two did not need recalibrating before they were removed after 10 to 190 hours (mean, 88 hours). Four of the remaining ten electrodes were recalibrated once after 33 to 97 hours and then functioned until removed 15 to 55 hours later. The other six electrodes failed after 32 to 105 hours (mean, 49 hours). Complications were few. A total of 356 arterial blood samples, obtained after the initial calibration and before any recalibration was necessary, gave a correlation coefficient of 0.93 (P < .0001) against an independent system for measuring arterial oxygen tension (Pao2) (Radiometer Type E.5046 oxygen electrode). We conclude that the catheter-tip electrode is a safe and reliable instrument for continuously recording Pao2 in newborn infants which much simplifies the management of serious respiratory illnesses.

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Continuous monitoring of arterial oxygen tension in the newborn infant

The Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1016/s0022-3476(74)80407-5 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 254-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Arnold W. Strauss ◽

Marilyn Escobedo ◽

David Goldring

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Tension ◽

Newborn Infant ◽

Continuous Monitoring ◽

Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽

Arterial Oxygen

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Comparison of Transcutaneous Oxygen Tension With Arterial Oxygen Tension in Newborn Infants With Severe Respiratory Illnesses

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.62.5.692 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 692-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter N. le Souëf ◽

Andrew K. Morgan ◽

Linda P. Soutter ◽

E. Osmund R. Reynolds ◽

Dawood Parker

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Tension ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽

Oxygen Electrode ◽

Electrode Site ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽

Skin Changes ◽

Respiratory Illnesses

Transcutaneous oxygen tesion (tcPO2), measured by two skin electrodes of different design, and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), measured by an intravascular oxygen electrode, were continuously recorded for periods of six hours in 15 newborn infants with serious respiratory illnesses. Ten of the infants needed mechanical ventilation and three needed continuous positive airway pressure. One skin electrode had three microcathodes surrounded by a heated ring-shaped anode, and the other had a large heated cathode. The temperature of both electrodes was set at 44°C and they were calibrated in vitro. The tcPO2 recorded by the electrode with the microcathodes was found to estimate PaO2 reasonably accurately for the whole six-hour duration of the study. The tcPO2 recorded by the electrode with the large cathode gave a similar estimate of PaO2. for three hours, but then tcPO2. often fell relative to PaO2. This fall was probably caused by skin changes at the electrode site. For a variety of reasons, our results suggest that measurement of tcPO2. is unlikely to replace continuous intravascular measurement of PaO2. in infants with severe respiratory illnesses.

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Effect of Electrode Temperature and in Vivo Calibration on Accuracy of Transcutaneous Estimation of Arterial Oxygen Tension in Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.65.3.515 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 515-522

Author(s):

Melanie J. Pollitzer ◽

Michelle D. Whitehead ◽

E. Osmund R. Reynolds ◽

David Delpy

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Tension ◽

Newborn Infants ◽

Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽

Oxygen Electrode ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Optimal Temperature ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽

Skin Electrodes ◽

In Vivo Calibration

Previous studies showed that a skin oxygen electrode with a macrocathode, when heated to 43 C, underestimated arterial oxygen tension (Pao2). At 44 C the skin was damaged. The purpose of the present study was to assess the accuracy of the macrocathode electrode when set at 43.5 C. Transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPo2) recorded by the macrocathode electrode at 43.5 C was compared with Pao2 measured continuously with an intravascular oxygen electrode, and with tcPo2 recorded by a microcathode electrode which has been shown earlier to work well at a temperature of 44 C. Both the skin electrodes were calibrated in vitro and in vivo. Particular attention was given to the details of calibration. Twelve newborn infants with respiratory illnesses were studied, each for six hours. Transcutaneous Po2 recorded by both skin electrodes was found to estimate Pao2 resonably accurately for the entire six-hour duration of the study, with the exception of a large and unexplained overestimation of Pao2 by the macrocathode electrode in one infant. This overestimation was corrected by in vivo calibration. Serious skin lesions were not seen after the skin electrodes were removed. We conclude that (1) The temperature setting of skin electrodes is crucial to their satisfactory performance. (2) For use on newborn infants, 43.5 C is the optimal temperature for the macrocathode electrode. (3) The optimal temperature for the microcathode electrode was confirmed as 44 C. (4) At these temperatures, both electrodes could be left on the same site on the skin for six hours. (5) Periodic in vivo calibration of skin electrodes is advisable.

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