scholarly journals Transatlantic Quechuañol: Reading Race through Colonial Translations

PMLA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-259
Author(s):  
Allison Margaret Bigelow
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Technical Writers ◽  
New Research

Translation is often described with opposed terms like loyalty and betrayal, even though the work of translation defies such a description. New research in translation studies argues for the value of mistranslation and untranslatables, especially in recovering Indigenous knowledge production. This study joins these efforts by documenting how technical writers in the colonial Andes used Quechua terms to form a patois called “Quechuañol” (Quechua plus español) and how this hybrid Andean language was obscured in translations of scientific texts in early modern England, Germany, and France. As translators reinterpreted metallic classifications in Quechuañol, including “Pacos, Mulatos y Negrillos” (“paco, mulato, and negrillo metals”), they chose terms that communicated their own, culturally specific ideas about color and categories. Tracing mistranslations in the Atlantic world allows us to document both the Indigenous intellectual contributions to the technical arts and the development of early modern racial classifications.

scholarly journals “Nature’s Bastards”: Grafted Generation in Early Modern England

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-148
Author(s):  
Claire Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
The Winter's Tale ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Winter's Tale ◽  
Early Modern English ◽  
Reproduction Humaine

This paper examines the shared rhetoric between human and horticultural generation in early modern England, particularly focusing on grafting. Early modern English gardening manuals imagine grafting as a method of controlling generation in the natural world, and early modern English obstetrical treatises imagine the female generative body in horticultural language. Alongside these scientific texts, this article uses Shakespeare’s The Winter’s Tale as a literary case study of grafting rhetoric. Ultimately, while grafting treatises imagine man’s power over generation in the natural world and obstetrical treatises imagine controlling human generation using horticultural metaphor, The Winter’s Tale complicates this fantasy by depicting Leontes’s efforts at genealogical control as unnecessary and fruitless: not only do Perdita and Hermione survive and flourish after his attempts to kill them, but Perdita is the legitimate and non-grafted offspring of Hermione and Leontes. Cet article examine la rhétorique que partagent la reproduction humaine et l’horticulture en Angleterre au début de l’époque moderne. Les ouvrages portant sur les jardins, à l’époque, représentent la greffe comme une méthode pour contrôler la reproduction dans le monde naturel, tandis que les ouvrages d’obstétrique de la même époque représentent la capacité reproductrice du corps féminin en termes d’horticulture. A côté de ces textes scientifiques, on se sert dans cet article de la pièce de Shakespeare The Winter’s Tale comme exemple de la rhétorique de la greffe. En dernière analyse, tandis que les ouvrages décrivant la greffe représentent la puissance humaine sur la reproduction dans le monde naturel et que les ouvrages d’obstétrique représentent la reproduction humaine avec des métaphores tirées de l’horticulture, The Winter’s Tale vient compliquer cet imaginaire en présentant comme futiles les tentatives de contrôle généalogique de Leontes : non seulement Perdita et Hermione survivent et fleurissent après les tentatives de meurtre, mais encore Perdita est le fruit légitime non-greffé des amours d’Hermione et Leontes.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-36
Author(s):  
K.J. Kesselring
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Early Modern England ◽  
New Research

This chapter surveys the existing scholarship on the declining incidence of homicide and on the changing legal definitions of murder and manslaughter in early modern England, adds to it the results of new research on both subjects, and explains why we ought to view these two changes alongside each other and as linked. It explains, too, the ways in which homicide might beneficially be viewed through a political lens, and sets out the argument that homicide became, in these years, increasingly ‘public’. That is, people came to see homicide increasingly as an offence not just against individuals and their kin, but also against a ‘king’s peace’ that was in turn being reconceptualized as belonging to a bigger, broader community.

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