After the establishment of the unified and interconnected electricity market in China, electricity trading range will cover the entire State Grid operating region, and headquarters market and provincial market will become interconnected, unified and coordinated operation. Aiming at the surveillance risk under the unified and interconnected electricity market, a relatively complete surveillance risk index system is proposed. The proposed risk index system includes six first grade indices, i.e., market state, transaction plan, contract and settlement, market coordination, energy efficiency and power grid operation. The risk index system can reasonably and overall reflect the risk level of the electric power transaction under the unified and interconnected electricity market circumstances. It is useful for State Grid to achieve risk management and control of electricity trading surveillance, rectify the irregularities, and maintain a fair and impartial market order.