In the last decade, with the advancement of big data technology and the internet of things, wireless sensor networks (WSN) become fundamental for the success of different range of applications specially those demanding massive data processing. A target tracking system is a significant part of WSNs that has its own advantages and challenges. In this paper, the challenges of detecting and tracking a mobile device through cluster-based target tracking system in wireless sensor networks, are investigated. This paper investigates several tracking methods to introduce a novel cluster-based target tracking analysis model. In addition, some crucial factors of the cluster-based routing protocols are demonstrated, and a comparison among these different methods is conducted according to our taxonomy such as cluster formation, predicate/proactive, target speed, single or multi-object tracking, boundary problem, scalability, energy efficiency, and communication cost. Finally, a summary and conclusion are presented.