AbstractThis paper characterizes whether or not\Sigma_{\infty}\equiv\lim_{\lambda\uparrow\infty}\sigma[\mathcal{P}+\lambda m(%
x,t),\mathfrak{B},Q_{T}]is finite, where {m\gneq 0} is T-periodic and {\sigma[\mathcal{P}+\lambda m(x,t),\mathfrak{B},Q_{T}]} stands for the principal eigenvalue of
the parabolic operator {\mathcal{P}+\lambda m(x,t)} in {Q_{T}\equiv\Omega\times[0,T]} subject
to a general boundary operator of mixed type, {\mathfrak{B}}, on {\partial\Omega\times[0,T]}. Then this result is applied to discuss the nature of the territorial refuges in periodic competitive environments.
Estimates of the principal eigenvalue of the $p$-Laplacian and the $p$-biharmonic operator
