We have prepared two-dimensional (2D) crystals of tetanus toxin using procedures developed by Uzgiris and Kornberg for the directed production of 2D crystals of monoclonal antibodies at an antigen-phospholipid monolayer interface. The tetanus toxin crystals were formed using a small mole fraction of the natural receptor, GT1, incorporated into phosphatidyl choline monolayers. The crystals formed at low concentration overnight. Two dimensional crystals of this type are particularly useful for structure determination using electron microscopy and computer image refinement. Three dimensional (3D) structural information can be derived from these crystals by computer reconstruction of photographs of toxin crystals taken at different tilt angles. Such 3D reconstructions may help elucidate the mechanism of entry of the enzymatic subunit of toxins into cells, particularly since these crystals form directly on a membrane interface at similar concentrations of ganglioside GT1 to the natural cellular receptors.
The role of transglutaminase in the mechanism of action of tetanus toxin.
