Capability and Development Time Trade-off Analysis in Systems-of-Systems

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muharrem Mane ◽  
Daniel DeLaurentis
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Systems Of Systems ◽  
Trade Off

The effect of leguminous plant species onCallosobruchus maculatus(Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its egg parasitoidUscana lariophaga(Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Huis ◽  
M. de Rooy
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Callosobruchus Maculatus ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leguminous Plant ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Storage Pest

AbstractThe performance of the egg parasitoidUscana lariophagaSteffan was studied when reared on eggs of the bruchid storage pest,Callosobruchus maculatus(Fabricius) developing in seeds of cowpea, chickpea and pigeonpea. The beetle laid more and larger eggs on pigeonpea than on cowpea and chickpea, indicating that there was not a trade-off between number and size of the eggs. The bruchid larvae reared on pigeonpea exhibited a longer development time and a higher mortality than those reared on cowpea and chickpea. The resulting males weighed less than those reared on cowpea and chickpea. The trichogrammatidU. lariophagaparasitized more eggs whenC. maculatuswas reared on chickpea than when reared on the other hosts. Parasitoid larvae developed slowest and had the highest mortality in eggs ofC. maculatusreared on pigeonpea compared to those reared on cowpea and chickpea; the sex ratio (% of females) of the resulting adults was also higher. The high mortality and long development time ofC. maculatusreared on pigeonpea indicated that this legume was less favourable toC. maculatusthan chickpea or cowpea. This was probably also true for the parasitoid since the mortality was higher and development longer in eggs ofC. maculatusreared on pigeonpea compared to those reared on cowpea and chickpea. Therefore, when host eggs were larger and of lower nutritional quality, the proportion of female egg parasitoids was greater.

The Offspring-Development-Time/Offspring-Number Trade-Off

2012 ◽  
Vol 179 (6) ◽  
pp. E196-E203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Bueno ◽  
Ángel López-Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Offspring Number ◽  
Offspring Development

scholarly journals Metabolic Cost of a Nutritional Symbiont Manifests in Delayed Reproduction in a Grain Pest Beetle

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Tobias Engl ◽  
Thorsten H. P. Schmidt ◽  
Sthandiwe Nomthandazo Kanyile ◽  
Dagmar Klebsch
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Adult Mortality ◽  
Nutrient Allocation ◽  
Oryzaephilus Surinamensis ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Delayed Reproduction ◽  
Cuticle Formation ◽  
Context Dependent

Animals engage in a plethora of mutualistic interactions with microorganisms that can confer various benefits to their host but can also incur context-dependent costs. The sawtoothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis harbors nutritional, intracellular Bacteroidetes bacteria that supplement precursors for the cuticle synthesis and thereby enhance desiccation resistance of its host. Experimental elimination of the symbiont impairs cuticle formation and reduces fitness under desiccation stress but does not disrupt the host’s life cycle. For this study, we first demonstrated that symbiont populations showed the strongest growth at the end of metamorphosis and then declined continuously in males, but not in females. The symbiont loss neither impacted the development time until adulthood nor adult mortality or lifespan. Furthermore, lifetime reproduction was not influenced by the symbiont presence. However, symbiotic females started to reproduce almost two weeks later than aposymbiotic ones. Thus, symbiont presence incurs a metabolic and context-dependent fitness cost to females, probably due to a nutrient allocation trade-off between symbiont growth and sexual maturation. The O. surinamensis symbiosis thereby represents an experimentally amenable system to study eco-evolutionary dynamics under variable selection pressures.

scholarly journals The target of selection matters: An established resistance—development‐time negative genetic trade‐off is not found when selecting on development time

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1119
Author(s):  
Lewis J. Bartlett ◽  
Elisa Visher ◽  
Yazmin Haro ◽  
Katherine E. Roberts ◽  
Mike Boots
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Trade Off

Host reproductive status and reproductive performance of a parasite: offspring quality and trade-offs in a flea parasitic on a rodent

Parasitology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 914-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH M. DLUGOSZ ◽  
CYNTHIA J. DOWNS ◽  
IRINA S. KHOKHLOVA ◽  
A. ALLAN DEGEN ◽  
BORIS R. KRASNOV
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Reproductive Status ◽  
Quality Trait ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Emergence Success

SUMMARYWe investigated offspring quality in fleas (Xenopsylla ramesis) feeding on non-reproducing, pregnant or lactating rodents (Meriones crassus) and asked whether (a) quality of flea offspring differs dependent on host reproductive status; (b) fleas trade off offspring quantity for quality; and (c) quality variables are inter-correlated. Emergence success was highest when parents exploited pregnant hosts, while development time was longest when parents exploited lactating hosts. Male offspring from fleas fed on non-reproductive and pregnant hosts were larger than those from lactating hosts whereas female offspring from fleas fed on pregnant hosts were larger than those from both lactating and non-reproductive hosts. Male offspring survived under starvation the longest when their parents exploited lactating hosts and the shortest when their parents exploited pregnant hosts. Female offspring of parents that exploited lactating hosts survived under starvation longer than those that exploited non-reproductive and pregnant hosts. Emergence success and development time decreased as mean number of eggs laid by mothers increased. Fleas that were larger and took longer to develop lived significantly longer under starvation. These results indicate the presence of a trade-off between offspring quantity and quality in fleas exploiting female Sundevall's jird in varying reproductive condition but this trade-off depended on the quality trait considered.

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