Financial Fragility, Medical Problems, and the Bankruptcy System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa B. Jacoby ◽  
Mirya R. Holman
JAMA ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 197 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Gelfand

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Jaume Fatjó ◽  
Jonathan Bowen
Keyword(s):  

The Lancet ◽  
1933 ◽  
Vol 222 (5730) ◽  
pp. 1490-1491
Keyword(s):  

1980 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Brown ◽  
C. Engelhard ◽  
J. Haipern ◽  
J. F. Fries ◽  
L. S. Coles

In solving a clinical problem of diagnosis, prognosis, or treatment choice, a physician must select from among a large group of possible tests. In general, an ordering exists specifying which tests are most valuable in providing relevant information concerning the problem on hand. The computer program package to be described (MW) extracts appropriate data from the ARAMIS data banks and then analyzes the data by stepwise logistic regression. A binary outcome (diagnosis, prognostic event, or treatment response) is sequentially associated with possible tests, and the most powerful combination of tests is identified. For example, the most valuable predictor variable of early mortality in SLE is proteinuria, followed sequentially by anemia and absence of arthritis. Experience with these techniques suggests : 1. optimal certainty is usually reached after only three or four tests; 2. several different test sequences may lead to the same level of certainty; 3. diagnosis may usually be ascertained with greater certainty than prognosis; 4. many medical problems contain considerable non-reducible uncertainty; 5. a relatively small group of tests are typically found among the most powerful; 6. results are consistent across several patient populations; 7. results are largely independent of the particular statistic employed. These observations suggest strategies for maximizing information while minimizing risk and expense.


2006 ◽  
pp. 19-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Rozmainsky

The paper considers basic perspectives of post-Keynesian macroeconomics. The author describes post-Keynesian views on theories of durables choice, endogenous money, financial fragility, hysteresis, conflict inflation and endogenous growth. The paper shows distinctions of post-Keynesian approach from both neoclassical tradition and other branches of Keynesianism. The author examines links between post-Keynesian macroeconomics and macroeconomics of Keynes. The paper also considers post-Keynesian views on economic policy and analyzes the relevance of post-Keynesian approach for the post-Soviet Russian economy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Shirzadfar ◽  
Narsis Gordoghli

In recent years, chronic medical problems have become increasingly prevalent. Chronic ‎illnesses challenge the view of life as a regular and continuous process, a challenge that has ‎important psychological consequences. The long duration of people suffering from these ‎diseases, the long process of treatment and the fact that there is no proper and definitive ‎treatment for most of these diseases and their associated complications have made chronic ‎diseases a detrimental factor in public health. According to the World Health Organization ‎‎(2006), the prevalence of chronic and non-communicable diseases is increasing in all countries, ‎especially developing countries, so that the major challenge for the health system in the present ‎century, is not living people, but better adapted to chronic illnesses and maintaining their ‎mental and social health and well-being Ed's life-threatening chronic physical illness.‎ Chronic pain is a pain that lasts longer than usual, and according to the criteria of the ‎International Association of Pain, this time is defined as at least 3 months to 6 months. Chronic ‎pain is such that not only faced the sick person whit the pressure of the pain but also with many ‎other pressure that affect different parts of her life. Fibromyalgia is one of the most rheumatologic disorders and one of the most resistant chronic ‎pain syndromes. Fibromyalgia is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in adults ‎and chronic pain is one of the most common complaints in this group of patients.


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