A case of congenital glaucoma in type I neurofibromatosis

BACKGROUND: Recklinghausens generalized neurofibromatosis (NF) is a hereditary disease characterized by the formation of benign tumors from the nervous tissue that provokes skin and bone changes of various types. Often, involvement in the pathological process and the organ of vision. The variability of eye lesions in NF-I type is known according to the clinical course, severity, and clinical forms. Gliomas and atrophy of the optic nerves, neurofibromas in the iris, sclera, conjunctiva, eyelids, less often glaucoma, buphthalmos, orbital osteodystrophy are described. RESULTS: The article describes a rare case of type I neurofibromatosis, the first clinical manifestation of congenital glaucoma. Modern complex ophthalmological examination made it possible to identify the cause and clarify the nature of the development of glaucoma. CONCLUSION: The need for an interdisciplinary approach to the diagnosis, dispensary observation, and treatment of NF-I is emphasized.

Evaluation of usage of bone scan index in assessment of metastatic prostate cancer

Introduction: Prostate cancer has been the leading type of cancer to affect male population, and as such, it is a subject to efforts to furthermore diagnostic tools already in existence as well as development of new ones which will Aid early diagnostic, treatments as well as a follow up procedures and clinical trials. Bone scan index is a useful and objective biomarker used as a valuable tool for determination as to precise bone involvement in advanced cases, as well as a tool to predict the outcome in prostate cancer patients in clinical trials.Methods: This paper is a non-experimental (qualitative) research, that is, a scientific review of the literature.Results: The results we analyzed in this paper were collected from published academic journals.Conclusion: As a new imaging biomarker, bone scan index has potential to predict therapeutic effects and survival of patients with prostate cancer. Using measurable diagnostic image parameters, the bone scan index is important for determining metastatic bone changes in prostate cancer patients.

Diagnostic efficacy of CBCT, MRI and CBCT–MRI fused images in determining anterior disc displacement and bone changes of temporomandibular joint

Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CBCT–MRI fused image for anterior disc displacement and bone changes of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which are the main imaging manifestations of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: Two hundred and thirty-one TMJs of 120 patients who were diagnosed with TMD were selected for the study. The anterior disc displacement, bone defect and bone hyperplasia evaluated by three experts were used as a reference standard. Three residents individually evaluated all the three sets of images, which were CBCT images, MRI images and CBCT-MRI fused images from individual CBCT and MRI images in a random order for the above-mentioned three imaging manifestations with a five-point scale. Each set of images was observed at least 1 week apart. A second evaluation was performed 4 weeks later. Intra- and interobserver agreements were assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of the three image sets were compared with a Z test, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred and forty-five cases were determined as anterior disc displacement, 84 cases as bone defect and 40 cases as bone hyperplasia. The intra- and interobserver agreements in the CBCT-MRI fused image set (0.76–0.91) were good to excellent, and the diagnostic accuracy for bone changes was significantly higher than that of MRI image set (p＜0.05). Conclusions CBCT-MRI fused images can display the disc and surrounding bone structures simultaneously and significantly improve the observers’ reliability and diagnostic accuracy, especially for inexperienced residents.

Application of Fractal Analysis in Detecting Trabecular Bone Changes in Periapical Radiograph of Patients with Periodontitis

Introduction. Evaluation of detailed features of the supporting bone is an important step in diagnosis and treatment planning for teeth with clinical attachment loss. Fractal analysis can be used as a method for evaluating the complexity of trabecular bone structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trabecular bone changes in periapical radiographs of patients with different stages of periodontitis using fractal analysis. Methods. This comparative cross-sectional study was performed on patients with and without clinical attachment loss in mandibular first molars. Teeth with clinical attachment loss were divided into mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis groups. Digital periapical radiographs were obtained from the mandibular first molars using the same exposure parameters. DICOM file of the radiographs was exported to ImageJ software for fractal analysis. Three regions of interest (ROIs) were considered in each radiograph: two proximal ROIs mesial and distal to the mandibular first molar and one apical ROI. Fractal dimension (FD) values were calculated using the fractal box counting approach. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test, intraclass correlation coefficient, and ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results. FD values were significantly different between moderate and severe periodontitis and healthy periodontal bone ( P < 0.05 ), except for the distal ROI for moderate periodontitis cases ( P = 0.280 ). However, FD values of the supporting bone in periodontally healthy teeth and teeth with mild periodontitis did not show a statistically significant difference ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Fractal analysis is a useful tool for evaluation of bone alterations in moderate and severe periodontitis, but was not able to detect the most initial radiographic bone signs of mild periodontitis.