The 17 Plane Symmetry Groups

1974 ◽  
Vol 58 (404) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. E. Schwarzenberger

Symmetry ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Landwehr




1990 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Gallian


2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1834-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Aboufadil ◽  
Abdelmalek Thalal ◽  
My Ahmed El Idrissi Raghni

Many works report the classification and analysis of geometric patterns, particularly those found in the Alhambra, Spain, but few authors have been interested in Moroccan motifs, especially those made on wood. Studies and analyses made on nearly a thousand Moroccan patterns constructed on wood and belonging to different periods between the 14th and 19th centuries show that, despite their great diversity, only five plane groups are present. Groupsp4mmandc2mmare predominant,p6mmandp2mmare less frequent, whilep4gmis rare. In this work, it is shown that it is possible to obtain the 17 plane symmetry groups by using a master craftsmen's method calledHasba. The set of patterns are generated fromn-fold rosettes, considered as the basic motif, by theHasbamethod. The combination and the overlap between these basic elements generate other basic elements. By repeating these basic elements, it is possible to construct patterns having various symmetry groups. In this article, only uncoloured patterns are considered and the interlace patterns are disregarded.



1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Jensen ◽  
Robert G. Harvey


1978 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 439-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Schattschneider


Author(s):  
Aylin Gazi Gezgin ◽  
Koray Korkmaz

One of the most important issues in the design processes of retractable plate structure is to determine the most suitable shape of the plates that form an enclosure without any gaps or overlaps in both closed and open configurations of the structure. One of the approaches to find the most suitable shape of the plates is based on mathematical tessellation technique without using any kinematical or numerical analyses. Due to the usage of RPS on many different areas in architecture, it is just as important to be able to iterate them regularly. This study both focuses on the iteration of planar RPSs that are formed based on 1-uniform tessellation and develops a relation between iteration capacity of RPS and plane symmetry groups. By the help of developed relationship, it tries to realize whether this structure can be derived from 1-uniform tessellation and which tessellation should be selected before obtaining it.



1978 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris Schattschneider


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