High occurrence of Cryptosporidium ubiquitum and Giardia duodenalis genotype E in sheep from Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio Paz e Silva ◽  
Raimundo Lopes ◽  
Katia Bresciani ◽  
Alessandro Amarante ◽  
João Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Health Relevance ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Genotype E ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

AbstractIn this paper we report the occurrence of zoonotic species of Cryptosporidium (C. ubiquitum and C. parvum subtype IIaA15G2R1) and the host-specific Giardia duodenalis genotype E in a sheep farm from Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected from 100 animals and screened for the presence of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and sequence analysis of selected samples was used to confirm the species and to characterize the isolates. Of 100 specimens, 34 were positive for Giardia (34%) and 25 were positive for Cryptosporidium (25%). The prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium was higher in lambs than in ewes. Co-infection was observed in 14% of animals. All G. duodenalis isolates belonged to genotype E. The genetic characterization performed in 22 Cryptosporidium-positive samples revealed the presence of zoonotic C. ubiquitum and C. parvum in 76% (19/25) and 12% (3/25) of infected animals, respectively. The presence of zoonotic Cryptosporidium subtypes in lambs was of epidemiological and public health relevance.

Mixed Giardia duodenalis assemblage infections in children and adults in South India

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
pp. 2023-2027 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. LAISHRAM ◽  
A. KANNAN ◽  
P. RAJENDRAN ◽  
G. KANG ◽  
S. S. R. AJJAMPUR
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Triosephosphate Isomerase ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length ◽  
Assemblage B

SUMMARYThe assemblages of Giardia duodenalis in 25 children with and 25 children without diarrhoea and 24 adults with gastrointestinal symptoms in South India were determined. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) targeting the glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), β-giardin and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) genes was used. The tpi PCR was the most sensitive and detected G. duodenalis in all 74 microscopy-positive samples, while gdh and β-giardin PCR were positive in 62·2% and 56·8% of the samples. Assemblage B was predominant in both children and adults (82·4%) followed by assemblage AII (9·4%); assemblage AI was not detected. Infections with both assemblages A and B (detected by tpi PCR–RFLP) were seen exclusively in children and the mixed assemblage BIII and BIV (detected by gdh PCR–RFLP) was more common in children than adults (P=0·058).

Predominance of Cryptosporidium parvum genotype among diarrheic children from Egypt as an indicator for zoonotic transmission

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maysa Ahmad Eraky ◽  
Azza Mohammed-Salah El-Hamshary ◽  
Hassan Hassan Hamadto ◽  
Kareem Fetouh Abdallah ◽  
Wafaa Moustafa Abdel-Hafed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

AbstractCryptosporidium is a genus of zoonotic pathogens transmissible from a variety of animals to humans and is a considerable public health concern. It is a significant cause of diarrheal disease in developing and industrialized nations. Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis are the main agents of cryptosporidiosis in humans. In this study we identified the genotypes of the Cryptosporidium isolates from clinical samples from diarrheic children using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses of the TRAP-C2 gene (Thrompodin Related Adhesive Protein). A total of 430 fecal specimens from 1 to 14 years children were collected from inpatient and outpatient clinics of Benha University, Educational and Children Specialized Hospitals, Benha, Qalubyia, and were microscopically examined for Cryptosporidium spp. All infected samples were also analyzed using nested PCR. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the (266-366 bp) of TRAP-C2 gene was also used to detect and identify Cryptosporidium spp. in PCR- positive samples. The results showed that 50 (11.63%) of the specimens were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. Genomic amplification and restriction digestion of the PCR products by BstETI, Hae III for TRAP-C2 gene restriction enzymes revealed that 82% (41/50) had C. parvum, 12% (6/50) had C. hominis, and three (3/50) samples (6%) had mixed infections. In conclusion, elevated prevalence of C. parvum, suggesting animal-human (zoonotic) transmission and further investigations are required to determine the subgenotypes of C. parvum to clarify the mode of transmission in order to improve the control measures.

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