Resistant arterial hypertension

The review provides modern data on the examination and treatment tactics of patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RAH). The prevalence of RAH is about 10–15%, with a significant proportion of pseudo-resistance cases associated with low adherence to therapy, inaccurate blood pressure measurement technique, and increased arterial stiffness in the elderly. In patients with RAH, it is necessary to exclude secondary hypertension, of which drug hypertension associated with the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, nasal sympathomimetics, oral contraceptives, as well as those caused by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or primary hyperaldosteronism are prevalent. Secondary hypertension is often asymptomatic, therefore, additional examination is required for patients without the classic signs of these diseases. Pharmacotherapy of RAH includes a high-dose combination of antihypertensive drugs. In the first instance, first-line drugs (the renin-angiotensin system blockers, calcium antagonists, thiazide diuretics) should be combined with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which have a good evidence base (PATHWAY-2, ReHOT studies), and then other reserve drugs. The study of interventional methods for the treatment of RAH continues. To date, the effectiveness of renal denervation has been proven. The study of the method of carotid baroreflex amplification continues. Keywords: arterial hypertension, resistant arterial hypertension, secondary arterial hypertension, antihypertensive therapy, renal denervation For citation: Rodionov AV, Yudin IG, Fomin VV. Resistant arterial hypertension. Consilium Medicum. 2021; 23 (1): 28–31. DOI: 10.26442/20751753.2021.1.200697

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Radiofrequency denervation of the renal arteries in patients with resistant arterial hypertension: 3 years of observation experience

Systemic Hypertension ◽

10.26442/2075082x.2019.4.190596 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

Nina Yu Savelyeva ◽

Anna Yu Zherzhova ◽

Ekaterina V Mikova ◽

Liudmila I Gapon ◽

Grigorii V Kolunin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽

Secondary Hypertension ◽

Renal Arteries ◽

Radiofrequency Denervation ◽

Intact Kidney ◽

Resistant Arterial Hypertension

Objective. To evaluate the efficiency of radiofrequency denervation of the renal arteries in patients with resi-stant arterial hypertension during a three-year follow-up. Materials and methods. The study involved 40 patients with resistant arterial hypertension aged 27 to 70 years (mean age 54.91±9.77 years) while receiving three or more antihypertensive drugs (including diuretic) in optimal doses. The conditions for inclusion in the study were considered resistant arterial hypertension with blood pressure (BP)>160/100 mm Hg, intact kidney function - glomerular filtration rate (MDRD)>45 ml/min - and the absence of secondary hypertension. All patients had sympatic radiofrequency denervation of renal arteries; its efficiency later was estimated according to the clinical measurement and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Results. The level of office BP reliably differed initially and after 3 years: DSBP -34.48±6.44 mm Hg (p=0.001), DDBP - 22.29 mm Hg (p=0.001). According to ABPM results, reliable dynamics of systolic blood pressure was not observed. The data of DBP at night were significantly lower after 36 months; DDBP was -5.37±9.77 mm Hg. Conclusions. A marked decrease in the data of office SBP and DBP was observed, which proves the long-term efficiency of radiofrequency denervation of the renal arteries in patients with resistant hypertension. Accor-ding to ABPM results after 36 months, a significant decrease was registered among the DBP indicators at night and daytime.

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Baroreflex activation therapy for resistant hypertension: results from mid-term prospective ambulatory blood pressure registry

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2784 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

M Sindt ◽

T Madej ◽

S Grimm ◽

M Knaut

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Side Effects ◽

Pressure Drop ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Antihypertensive Drugs ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Baroreflex Activation Therapy ◽

Activation Therapy ◽

Resistant Arterial Hypertension

Abstract Objectives First generation baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) devices showed clinical efficacy in patients with drug-resistant arterial hypertension (AHT), but the safety profile was insufficient. Data regarding efficacy of second-generation devices were generated mostly from office blood pressure (BP) measurements or short-term 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements (ABPM). We present a mid-term prospective registry to evaluate the efficacy and safety of recent BAT devices. Purpose The purpose of our study was to find a method that helps patients with drug-resistant arterial hypertension to control their blood pressure. Further we sought to reduce the overall amount of antihypertensive drugs to lessen side effects, as well as the effects of polypharmacy. Methods All patients receiving Barostim neo between November 2013 and June 2019 for resistant AHT were prospectively included into this observational study. ABPM was performed at baseline, in 3-month intervals in the first year after BAT implantation and in 6-month intervals afterwards for up to 42 months. Patients were assigned into two groups of responders and non-responders. Non-responders had a mean blood pressure drop (BPD) below 5mmHg. Responders in turn were categorized into 3 sub-groups (low-BPD between 5–9 mmHg, medium-BPD between 10–19 mmHg and high-BPD ≥20 mmHg). The primary efficacy end-points were changes in systolic and diastolic BP and number of antihypertensive medications. The primary safety end point was BAT-related major adverse events (MAE). Results 64 patients (mean age 63 years, 67% males) were included. Only patients who completed a 24-hour ABPM during a follow up were counted in the statistical analysis. We had an overall responder rate of 67.8%. Out of those 15.4% had low-BPD, 38.4% medium-BPD and 46.2% had a high-BPD. Systolic BP decreased over the 3.5-years period from 168±17 mmHg to 149±19 mmHg (n=19, mean change −18.8 mmHg; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −29.32 to −8.36; p<0.0007). Diastolic BP decreased from 97±16 to 85±12 mmHg (n=19, mean change −11.7 mmHg; 95% CI: −19.2 to −4.2; p<0.0021). The mean number of antihypertensive drugs was reduced from 6.9±1.3 to 5.2±1.5 (n=19, mean change −1.7; 95% CI: −0.8 to −0.27; p<0.0009). The time course of primary end-points is shown in Fig.1. Freedom from BAT-related MAE was 93.5%. 4 perioperative complications (1 pocket bleeding, 1 pocket infection, 1 N. hypoglossus palsy, 1 hoarseness) resolved without residual side effects. There were five non BAT related deaths (7,8%) in the follow up period. Conclusion Systolic and diastolic ABP, as well as number and dosage of antihypertensive drugs decreased significantly during 3.5-years follow-up after Barostim neo implantation in 64 consecutive patients (of whom 62 completed at least one follow-up). No MAE associated with BAT were observed after the perioperative period. However, further controlled trials are needed to confirm the long-term efficacy of BAT. Figure 1. Mean blood pressure drop Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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