scholarly journals The effect of lexical content on sentence production in nonfluent aphasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Paula Speer
Keyword(s):  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Nonfluent Aphasia ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Subject Noun ◽  
Fluent Aphasia ◽  
Lexical Content ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Individuals with nonfluent aphasia are able to produce many words in isolation, but have great difficulty producing sentences. Most research to date has compared accuracy across different types of sentence structures, focussing on grammatical aspects that may be compromised in nonfluent aphasia. However, based on the premise that lexical elements activate their associated grammatical frames as well as vice versa, lexical content may also be of vital importance. For example, rapid access to lexical elements – particularly ones appearing early in the sentence - may be crucial, especially if the sentence plan is weakly activated or rapidly decaying. The current study investigated the effect of different aspects of lexical content on nonfluent aphasic sentence production. Five participants with nonfluent aphasia, four participants with fluent aphasia and eight controls completed two picture description tasks eliciting subject-verb-object sentences (e.g., the dog is chasing the fox). Based on existing evidence suggesting that common words are accessed more rapidly than rarer ones, Experiment 1 manipulated the frequency of sentence nouns, thereby varying their speed of lexical retrieval by varying the frequency of sentence nouns. Nonfluent participants' accuracy was consistently higher for sentences commencing with a high frequency subject noun, even when errors on those nouns were themselves excluded. This was not the case for the fluent participants. Experiment 2 manipulated the semantic relationship between subject and object nouns. Previous research suggests that phrases containing related words may be challenging for individuals with nonfluent aphasia, possibly because lexical representations are inadequately tied to appropriate structural representations. The nonfluent participants produced sentences less accurately when they contained related lexical items, even when those items were in different noun phrases. The fluent participants exhibited the opposite trend. Finally, the relationship between the patterns observed in Experiment 1 and 2 and lesion location in the aphasic participants was explored by analysing magnetic resonance scans. We discuss the implications of our findings for theoretical accounts of sentence production more generally, and of nonfluent aphasia in particular. More precisely, we propose that individuals with nonfluent aphasia are disproportionately reliant on activated lexical representations to drive the sentence generation process, an idea we call the Content Drives Structure (COST) hypothesis.</p>

scholarly journals The effect of lexical content on sentence production in nonfluent aphasia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Paula Speer
Keyword(s):  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Nonfluent Aphasia ◽  
Lexical Representations ◽  
Subject Noun ◽  
Fluent Aphasia ◽  
Lexical Content ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Individuals with nonfluent aphasia are able to produce many words in isolation, but have great difficulty producing sentences. Most research to date has compared accuracy across different types of sentence structures, focussing on grammatical aspects that may be compromised in nonfluent aphasia. However, based on the premise that lexical elements activate their associated grammatical frames as well as vice versa, lexical content may also be of vital importance. For example, rapid access to lexical elements – particularly ones appearing early in the sentence - may be crucial, especially if the sentence plan is weakly activated or rapidly decaying. The current study investigated the effect of different aspects of lexical content on nonfluent aphasic sentence production. Five participants with nonfluent aphasia, four participants with fluent aphasia and eight controls completed two picture description tasks eliciting subject-verb-object sentences (e.g., the dog is chasing the fox). Based on existing evidence suggesting that common words are accessed more rapidly than rarer ones, Experiment 1 manipulated the frequency of sentence nouns, thereby varying their speed of lexical retrieval by varying the frequency of sentence nouns. Nonfluent participants' accuracy was consistently higher for sentences commencing with a high frequency subject noun, even when errors on those nouns were themselves excluded. This was not the case for the fluent participants. Experiment 2 manipulated the semantic relationship between subject and object nouns. Previous research suggests that phrases containing related words may be challenging for individuals with nonfluent aphasia, possibly because lexical representations are inadequately tied to appropriate structural representations. The nonfluent participants produced sentences less accurately when they contained related lexical items, even when those items were in different noun phrases. The fluent participants exhibited the opposite trend. Finally, the relationship between the patterns observed in Experiment 1 and 2 and lesion location in the aphasic participants was explored by analysing magnetic resonance scans. We discuss the implications of our findings for theoretical accounts of sentence production more generally, and of nonfluent aphasia in particular. More precisely, we propose that individuals with nonfluent aphasia are disproportionately reliant on activated lexical representations to drive the sentence generation process, an idea we call the Content Drives Structure (COST) hypothesis.</p>

scholarly journals A Comparison of Coverbal Gesture Use in Oral Discourse Among Speakers With Fluent and Nonfluent Aphasia

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 2031-2046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Pak-Hin Kong ◽  
Sam-Po Law ◽  
Gigi Wan-Chi Chak
Keyword(s):  
Language Intervention ◽  
Multimedia Data ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Nonfluent Aphasia ◽  
Fluent Aphasia ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Coverbal gesture use, which is affected by the presence and degree of aphasia, can be culturally specific. The purpose of this study was to compare gesture use among Cantonese-speaking individuals: 23 neurologically healthy speakers, 23 speakers with fluent aphasia, and 21 speakers with nonfluent aphasia. Method Multimedia data of discourse samples from these speakers were extracted from the Cantonese AphasiaBank. Gestures were independently annotated on their forms and functions to determine how gesturing rate and distribution of gestures differed across speaker groups. A multiple regression was conducted to determine the most predictive variable(s) for gesture-to-word ratio. Results Although speakers with nonfluent aphasia gestured most frequently, the rate of gesture use in counterparts with fluent aphasia did not differ significantly from controls. Different patterns of gesture functions in the 3 speaker groups revealed that gesture plays a minor role in lexical retrieval whereas its role in enhancing communication dominates among the speakers with aphasia. The percentages of complete sentences and dysfluency strongly predicted the gesturing rate in aphasia. Conclusions The current results supported the sketch model of language–gesture association. The relationship between gesture production and linguistic abilities and clinical implications for gesture-based language intervention for speakers with aphasia are also discussed.

scholarly journals Why Can't Individuals with Nonfluent Aphasia Produce Sentences? Exploring the Role of Lexical Availability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ella Creet
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
Target Sentence ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Structure Generation ◽  
Nonfluent Aphasia ◽  
Subject Noun ◽  
Production Accuracy

<p>Nonfluent aphasia is a language disorder characterised by sparse, fragmented speech. Individuals with this disorder often produce single words accurately (for example, they can name pictured objects), but have great difficulty producing sentences. An important research goal is to understand why sentences are so difficult for these individuals. To produce a sentence, a speaker must not only retrieve its lexical elements, but also integrate them into a grammatically well-formed sentence. Indeed, most research to date has focused on this grammatical integration process. However, recent studies suggest that the noun and/or verb content of the sentence can also be an important determinant of success (e.g., Raymer & Kohen, 2006; Speer & Wilshire, 2014). In this thesis, I explore the role of noun availability on sentence production accuracy using an identity priming paradigm. Participants are asked to describe a pictured event using a single sentence (e.g., “The fish is kissing the turtle”). In the critical condition, an auditory prime word is presented just prior to the picture, which is identical to one of the nouns in the target sentence (e.g., fish). The rationale is that the prime will enhance the availability of its counterpart when the person comes to produce the target sentence. Participants were four individuals with mild nonfluent aphasia, two individuals with fluent aphasia, and six older, healthy controls. Consistent with our hypotheses, the nonfluent participants as a group were more accurate at producing sentences when one of its nouns – either the subject or object - was primed in this way. Importantly, in the primed subject noun condition, these results held even when accuracy on the primed element itself was excluded, suggesting it had a broad effect on sentence production accuracy. The primed nouns had no effect on sentence production accuracy for the fluent individuals or the controls. We interpret these findings within models of sentence production that allow for considerable interplay between the processes of lexical content retrieval and sentence structure generation.</p>

scholarly journals Why Can't Individuals with Nonfluent Aphasia Produce Sentences? Exploring the Role of Lexical Availability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ella Creet
Keyword(s):  
Language Disorder ◽  
Target Sentence ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Structure Generation ◽  
Nonfluent Aphasia ◽  
Subject Noun ◽  
Production Accuracy

<p>Nonfluent aphasia is a language disorder characterised by sparse, fragmented speech. Individuals with this disorder often produce single words accurately (for example, they can name pictured objects), but have great difficulty producing sentences. An important research goal is to understand why sentences are so difficult for these individuals. To produce a sentence, a speaker must not only retrieve its lexical elements, but also integrate them into a grammatically well-formed sentence. Indeed, most research to date has focused on this grammatical integration process. However, recent studies suggest that the noun and/or verb content of the sentence can also be an important determinant of success (e.g., Raymer & Kohen, 2006; Speer & Wilshire, 2014). In this thesis, I explore the role of noun availability on sentence production accuracy using an identity priming paradigm. Participants are asked to describe a pictured event using a single sentence (e.g., “The fish is kissing the turtle”). In the critical condition, an auditory prime word is presented just prior to the picture, which is identical to one of the nouns in the target sentence (e.g., fish). The rationale is that the prime will enhance the availability of its counterpart when the person comes to produce the target sentence. Participants were four individuals with mild nonfluent aphasia, two individuals with fluent aphasia, and six older, healthy controls. Consistent with our hypotheses, the nonfluent participants as a group were more accurate at producing sentences when one of its nouns – either the subject or object - was primed in this way. Importantly, in the primed subject noun condition, these results held even when accuracy on the primed element itself was excluded, suggesting it had a broad effect on sentence production accuracy. The primed nouns had no effect on sentence production accuracy for the fluent individuals or the controls. We interpret these findings within models of sentence production that allow for considerable interplay between the processes of lexical content retrieval and sentence structure generation.</p>

Integrated Training for Aphasia: An Application of Part–Whole Learning to Treat Lexical Retrieval, Sentence Production, and Discourse-Level Communications in Three Cases of Nonfluent Aphasia

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Milman ◽  
Mariana Vega-Mendoza ◽  
Deanna Clendenen
Keyword(s):  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Nonfluent Aphasia

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate integrated training for aphasia (ITA), a multicomponent language-production treatment based on part–whole learning that systematically trains lexical retrieval, sentence production, and discourse-level communications. Specific research objectives were to evaluate acquisition of target structures, statistical parameters associated with learning variables, treatment generalization, and the efficacy of individual treatment components. Method ITA was administered to 3 individuals with nonfluent aphasia following a multiple-baseline, across-behaviors design. Effect size and correlational coefficients were computed to assess acquisition, generalization, and maintenance of target structures. Standardized tests and a treatment efficacy questionnaire were also completed. Results A significant treatment effect was found in 2 of the 3 participants. In addition, as is seen in normal skill acquisition, practice time and error rate were significantly correlated. All participants demonstrated evidence of generalization on standardized language measures. Only 1 participant improved, however, on the communication measures. Results of the treatment component analysis revealed significant differences in the perceived efficacy of individual therapy tasks. Conclusions Findings add to the evidence supporting multicomponent aphasia treatments, provide preliminary support for ITA and the application of a part–whole learning approach, and suggest that specific treatment components may contribute differentially to outcomes and generalization effects.

Treatment for Progressive Impairments of Language

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Henry
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Sentence Production ◽  
Lexical Retrieval ◽  
Functional Communication ◽  
Language Performance ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Primary Object ◽  
Behavioral Treatments ◽  
Treatment Research

Abstract Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a relatively new diagnostic entity, for which few behavioral treatments have been investigated. Recent work has helped to clarify the nature of distinct PPA variants, including a nonfluent variant (NFV-PPA), a logopenic variant (LV-PPA), and a semantic variant (SV-PPA). This paper reviews treatment research to date in each subtype of PPA, including restitutive, augmentative, and functional approaches. The evidence suggests that restitutive behavioral treatment can result in improved or stabilized language performance within treated domains. Specifically, sentence production and lexical retrieval have been addressed in NFV-PPA, whereas lexical retrieval has been the primary object of treatment in LV and SV-PPA. Use of augmentative communication techniques, as well as implementation of functional communication approaches, also may result in improved communication skills in individuals with PPA. The ideal treatment approach may be one that combines restitutive, augmentative, and functional approaches to treatment, in order to maximize residual cognitive-linguistic skills in patients. Additional research is warranted to determine which modes of treatment are most beneficial in each type of PPA at various stages of severity.

Penyuluhan Seni Tari di Paguyuban Kesenian RW 13 Kampung Bangunrejo, Kelurahan Kricak

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Rai Dewi Astini
Keyword(s):  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Relationship Building ◽  
Dance Performance ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Relationship

Kegiatan Penyuluhan Seni yang berlangsung dari 19 Maret sampai dengan 4 Mei 2019 ini memiliki tujuan memperkenalkan Program Studi Jurusan Seni Tari ISI Yogyakarta kepada masyarakat Kelurahan Kricak khususnya peserta pelatihan tari. Dengan adanya penyuluhan ini, banyak sekali ha positif yang didapatkannya itu dapat menyambung tali silaturahmi dengan para pecinta seni tari khususnya peserta dan warga RW 13 Bangunrejo, Kricak, Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan penyuluhan, mengingat bahwa anak-anak yang terlibat dalam pelatihan merupakan masyarakat asli dari kota Yogyakarta, yang sangat asing terhadap budaya Bali, di awal-awal pertemuan mereka sangat kesulitan untuk menerima materi yang diberikan. Namu berkat tekad yang kua dan semangat yang pantang menyerah, niscaya semua dapat teratasi.Kegiatan penyuluhan ini diakhiri dengan pentas seni budaya, dalam acara Mreti Desa, salah satunya adalah penampilan tari Bali. This workshop was held at March 19 to May 4 with the aim of introducing Dance major from ISI Yogyakarta to the residents at Kricak Sub-district, especially the dance workshop participants. There are many positive benefits gained from this workshop such as the relationship building between the dance enthusiasts dwelling in Bangunrejo RW 13 at Kricak, Tegalrejo, Yogyakarta. The slight problem that arise was that the Yogyakarta born and raised children are not accustomed to Balinese culture. They faced great difficulty at the beginning of the workshop and hard to absorb the given practices. Through perseverance and will, these hardships are eventually bypassed. This workshop is ended with a cultural display stage, included in the MretiDesa event, as a Bali dance performance.

A Coverless Image Information Hiding Algorithm Based on Fractal Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050062
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Fei Peng ◽  
Zixing Lin ◽  
Min Long
Keyword(s):  
Information Hiding ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Covert Communication ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Image Generation ◽  
Generation Algorithm ◽  
Image Information ◽  
Fractal Image ◽  
Coverless Information Hiding ◽  
The Relationship

To improve the robustness and imperceptibility of the existing coverless image information hiding, a generative coverless image information hiding algorithm based on fractal theory is proposed in this paper. Firstly, four fractal image generation methods are analyzed, and the relationship between the coverless information hiding and these methods is discussed. Secondly, based on the fractal image generation algorithm, secret information is hidden by controlling pixel rendering during the generation process. The robustness, imperceptibility, and capability of resisting steganalysis are balanced by adjusting the rendering distance. As it directly generates stego images, this can resist the detection of most existing steganalysis methods. Meanwhile, different capacities can be achieved by adjusting the size of the generated image. Experimental results and analysis show that the proposed scheme can effectively resist steganalysis and has good robustness against various image attacks. Furthermore, it can achieve large capacity, and it has broad prospects for covert communication.

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