Length of Working Age of Males in Pakistan: 1973

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar
Keyword(s):  
School Attendance ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Attendance Rates ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Working Age

The objective of this paper is to provide some estimates of the length of working life for males in Pakistan, using the more recently available data. The length of working life is defined as the average length of time for which a cohort can expect to remain in the labour force i.e. either actively employed or seeking employment. This measure is, determined by the levels of age-specific mortality of a hypothetical cohort and its levels of age-specific labour force participation. Therefore an improvement in mortality would tend to increase the length of economically active life and its deterioration would tend to shorten it. Other factors which influence the age-specific labour force participation and age-specific mortality rates are the indirect determinants of this measure. For example, improvements in health and medical facilities may reduce the incidence of premature retirements caused by physical ailments or disorders. Also, migration, nuptiality, fertility and school attendance rates may influence labour force participation rates and thereby affect the length of working life.

Labour force and unemployment in Arab countries: selected indicators

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi El-Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Market Needs

This statistical file is concerned with the latest available data that might be useful in dealing with the issue of the labour force and unemployment in Arab countries and worldwide. Table 1 introduces data on the working-age populations, while Table 2 shows figures on the labour force participation rates. Table 3 provides statements on the percentage of children (between 5 and 14 years) who are working in Arab countries, while Table 4 presents figures on the labour force distribution by sector. Table 5 is concerned with data on the employment rates, while Table 6 presents data on labour distribution by level of education in selected Arab countries. Data on education outputs and labour market needs in selected Arab countries and on the perceptions of work and the labour market are shown in Tables 7 and 8 respectively.

scholarly journals Female Labour Force Participation Rates in Rural Pakistan: Some Fundamental Explanations and Policy Implications

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghaffar Chaudhry ◽  
Zubeda Khan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

Labour supply is a key element in socio-economic development, and although the size, growth and composition of population have a strong bearing on its supply in an economy, the actual labour supply is a function of the labour force participation rate defined as the ratio of the population engaged in or seeking gainful employment to the working-age population. In Pakistan gainful employment means not only work for pay or profit but also unpaid help from family members, and the working-age population refers to the group of those aged 10 years or more. Although the use of labour force for computing participation rates has been criticised on the ground that it lays undue emphasis on market activities which have little relevance tb the less developed countries, particularly to the rural sector, (Standing 1978), it is nonetheless useful in studying household decisions regarding allocation of available time between productive and non-productive activities (Rees 1973). It is basically this division of labour between productive and non-productive activities that sheds light on the degree of development of an economy and, therefore, on the organization of factors of production (Yotopoulos 1986). The significance of rural participation rates, especially those of females, is noteworthy in this regard as there is a positive association between female productive work and the level of development achieved (Denti 1968). Female participation rates are also important for a proper understanding of the productive and reproductive roles of the population. As more than 70 percent of rural population depends on agriculture for its livelihood and rural females are nearly half of the total, their participation rates may be of critical importance in determining the rates of saving, investment and productivity in agriculture. It may also be noted that availability of labour in agriculture is also a function of the ready availability of female labour, especially for such operations as are performed exclusively by females, e.g. cotton picking.

scholarly journals The Effects of Human Capital by Gender on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahidan Shaari ◽  
Razinda Tasnim Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nor Hidayah Harun ◽  
Faiz Masnan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Male Labour

The issue of human capital by gender has been sparsely discussed in previous literature especially male labour force. The contribution of both genders to economic growth has intensified every year. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of human capital by gender on economic growth in Malaysia. Data ranging from 1982 to 2018 were analysed by using the ARDL approach. The results show that higher male labour force participation rates can boost economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Higher female labour force participation rates, on the other hand, can reduce economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Therefore, the government should encourage more male labour to participate in the labour market by giving incentives. More job opportunities should be created for both genders.

scholarly journals Working‐age people with disability and labour force participation: Geographic variations in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingsheng Zhou ◽  
Gwynnyth Llewellyn ◽  
Roger Stancliffe ◽  
Nicola Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Geographic Variations ◽  
People With Disability ◽  
Working Age

Arbeitskräftepotential und demografischer Wandel. Modellrechnungen für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland bis 2050

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eckart Bomsdorf
Keyword(s):  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Demografischer Wandel ◽  
Demographic Changes ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Participation ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Pension Age

AbstractThe debate concerning demographic changes in Germany is mostly lead by their implications to social security mechanisms. The development of the labour market is addressed in extended discussions only.This paper provides a draft of demographic changes in Germany up to the year 2050 and quantifies their impact on the potential labour force. The development of the population size and the number of people of working age is analysed and the dependency of these parameters on the components of the population is quantified by regression analysis. Finally, one possible future path for the working population is proposed. This is not only done with the given “status quo” assumptions in mind, but also with regard to changes in the labour force participation rate as well as to the already adopted increase of the legal retirement age (67 years).In addition, detailed results concerning possible future developments in the volume and proportion of people of working age in the population as well as the working population itself are provided. It is shown that the raise of the legal pension age as well as an increase in female labour participation can help to make up for negative demographic changes concerning the working population.

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