Labour force and unemployment in Arab countries: selected indicators

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabi El-Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Market Needs

This statistical file is concerned with the latest available data that might be useful in dealing with the issue of the labour force and unemployment in Arab countries and worldwide. Table 1 introduces data on the working-age populations, while Table 2 shows figures on the labour force participation rates. Table 3 provides statements on the percentage of children (between 5 and 14 years) who are working in Arab countries, while Table 4 presents figures on the labour force distribution by sector. Table 5 is concerned with data on the employment rates, while Table 6 presents data on labour distribution by level of education in selected Arab countries. Data on education outputs and labour market needs in selected Arab countries and on the perceptions of work and the labour market are shown in Tables 7 and 8 respectively.

scholarly journals Nurturing the next Canadian generation: The case for labour market research

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Kevin McQuillan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Public Issues ◽  
Le Canada

As rates of population and labour force growth slow in Canada, the country faces important challenges in promoting economic growth and sustaining prosperity. Among the most important public issues are increasing labour force participation rates among groups with low or declining rates of work and reforming education to better prepare graduates for the jobs of the new economy. At the same time, Canada needs to respond to the shifting geography of work. The concentration of employment in a limited number of major urban centres is driving young people to seek work in high-cost cities, while many smaller cities and regions face the prospect of economic and demographic decline.Alors que les taux de population et la croissance de la population active ralentissent au Canada, le pays devra relever d’importants défis pour promouvoir la croissance économique et maintenir la prospérité. Les plus importantes questions d’ordre public porteront, entre autres, sur le taux de participation, au sein de la population active, de groupes présentant des taux d’emploi faibles ou en déclin et la réforme de l’éducation afin de mieux préparer les diplômés aux emplois de la nouvelle économie. Le Canada doit, en même temps, aborder la géographie changeante du travail. La concentration des emplois dans quelques grands centres urbains pousse les jeunes à chercher du travail dans les villes où le coût est élevé, alors que les villes plus petites et les régions sont confrontées au déclin économique et démographique.Mots-clés : population et environnement; climat; utilisation d’énergie; pointe de population

scholarly journals Female Labour Force Participation Rates in Rural Pakistan: Some Fundamental Explanations and Policy Implications

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghaffar Chaudhry ◽  
Zubeda Khan
Keyword(s):  
Labour Supply ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Productive Activities ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

Labour supply is a key element in socio-economic development, and although the size, growth and composition of population have a strong bearing on its supply in an economy, the actual labour supply is a function of the labour force participation rate defined as the ratio of the population engaged in or seeking gainful employment to the working-age population. In Pakistan gainful employment means not only work for pay or profit but also unpaid help from family members, and the working-age population refers to the group of those aged 10 years or more. Although the use of labour force for computing participation rates has been criticised on the ground that it lays undue emphasis on market activities which have little relevance tb the less developed countries, particularly to the rural sector, (Standing 1978), it is nonetheless useful in studying household decisions regarding allocation of available time between productive and non-productive activities (Rees 1973). It is basically this division of labour between productive and non-productive activities that sheds light on the degree of development of an economy and, therefore, on the organization of factors of production (Yotopoulos 1986). The significance of rural participation rates, especially those of females, is noteworthy in this regard as there is a positive association between female productive work and the level of development achieved (Denti 1968). Female participation rates are also important for a proper understanding of the productive and reproductive roles of the population. As more than 70 percent of rural population depends on agriculture for its livelihood and rural females are nearly half of the total, their participation rates may be of critical importance in determining the rates of saving, investment and productivity in agriculture. It may also be noted that availability of labour in agriculture is also a function of the ready availability of female labour, especially for such operations as are performed exclusively by females, e.g. cotton picking.

scholarly journals Gendered integration? How recently arrived male and female refugees fare on the German labour market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zerrin Salikutluk ◽  
Katrin Menke
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Refugee Women ◽  
Labour Market Participation ◽  
Employment Rates ◽  
Using Data

Objective: This paper examines gender differences in the labour market integration of newly arrived refugees in Germany. In particular, we focus on the heterogeneity in employment rates among female refugees. Background: Previous research has demonstrated that refugee women are disadvantaged on the labour market not only compared to their male counterparts, but also compared to other immigrant women. So far, however, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie the specific disadvantages of refugee women. Method: Using data from the IAB-BAMF-SOEP Survey of Refugees, we analyse the labour market participation of refugees who migrated to Germany between 2013 and 2017. To test our theoretical assumptions, we apply logistic regressions. Results: Our results show that compositional differences in qualifications, family structure, institutional support, and networks can partly explain the gender gap in labour force participation that disadvantage refugee women. We find substantial variation in the importance of different determinants for the labour market outcomes of men and women. Conclusion: As the gender gaps in labour supply could be fully attributed to the theoretical mechanisms offered in the literature, further research is needed to disentangle female refugees' employment behaviour.

Length of Working Age of Males in Pakistan: 1973

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Zeba A. Sathar
Keyword(s):  
School Attendance ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Attendance Rates ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Working Age

The objective of this paper is to provide some estimates of the length of working life for males in Pakistan, using the more recently available data. The length of working life is defined as the average length of time for which a cohort can expect to remain in the labour force i.e. either actively employed or seeking employment. This measure is, determined by the levels of age-specific mortality of a hypothetical cohort and its levels of age-specific labour force participation. Therefore an improvement in mortality would tend to increase the length of economically active life and its deterioration would tend to shorten it. Other factors which influence the age-specific labour force participation and age-specific mortality rates are the indirect determinants of this measure. For example, improvements in health and medical facilities may reduce the incidence of premature retirements caused by physical ailments or disorders. Also, migration, nuptiality, fertility and school attendance rates may influence labour force participation rates and thereby affect the length of working life.

A Choice-Theoretical Labour-Market Model: Empirical Tests at the Mesolevel

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Baumann ◽  
M M Fischer ◽  
U Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Regional Labour Markets ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
Supply Model

This paper contains an analysis of a multiregional labour-supply model for Austria. In the approach suggested here attempts are made to combine the advantages of random-utility-based discrete choice theory and partial reduced-form estimation. Two recursive submodels, the labour-force participation submodel, and the commuting and employment submodel, are developed. Three different types of model specifications at the mesolevel are used to analyse the consequences of choosing a spatial framework of overlapping regional labour markets upon the model parameters, to investigate the usefulness of the model approach in relation to different regionalisation variants, and to carry out a sensitivity analysis with respect to the effects of the model parameters used to delineate the labour-market regions.

scholarly journals The Effects of Human Capital by Gender on Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahidan Shaari ◽  
Razinda Tasnim Abdul Rahim ◽  
Nor Hidayah Harun ◽  
Faiz Masnan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Government ◽  
Male Labour

The issue of human capital by gender has been sparsely discussed in previous literature especially male labour force. The contribution of both genders to economic growth has intensified every year. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of human capital by gender on economic growth in Malaysia. Data ranging from 1982 to 2018 were analysed by using the ARDL approach. The results show that higher male labour force participation rates can boost economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Higher female labour force participation rates, on the other hand, can reduce economic growth in the short run and long run in Malaysia. Therefore, the government should encourage more male labour to participate in the labour market by giving incentives. More job opportunities should be created for both genders.

scholarly journals The Intergenerational Transmission of Female Labour Force Participation by Gender among Native and Immigrant Europeans: A Focus on Religion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Stranges
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Immigrant Women ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor Force Participation ◽  
Female Labor

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore the intergenerational transmission of female labor force participation from mothers to children. Using data collected by the European Social Survey from 2002 to 2018 (N = 118,219), we analyse four different samples of native and immigrant women and men in order to assess the relationship between working mothers and their daughters and sons' wives participation to the labour market. For both native and immigrant women, having had their mothers employed when the respondents were 14 was associated with higher probability they were employed at the time of survey. Similarly, for both native and immigrant men, having had their mothers employed when the respondents were 14 was associated with higher probability their wives were employed at the time of the survey. We concentrate our attention on the role of religion. We find that religiosity is negatively related to the participation of women in the labour market, with differences between those who had a working mother and those who had not. Results of some augmented models indicate that the intergenerational transmission of female labor force participation varies according to religious affiliation.

The Australian labour market in 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Birch ◽  
Alison Preston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Employment Growth ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Labour Force Participation Rate ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Part Time

1 This article provides an overview of the key features of the labour market in 2019, with historical data providing insight into recent trends. In 2019, the female labour force participation rate reached an all-time high of 61.3%, 10 percentage points lower than the male rate. Disaggregated analysis shows this growth stems from rising participation amongst older women. This, in turn, is underpinned by a growth in feminised sectors of the labour market, notably the Health Care and Social Assistance sector. Since 2000 this sector has contributed 22.6% to total employment growth and at 2019 accounted for 13.5% of the Australian workforce. There has also been a growth in part-time and casual employment over recent years, with the latter now accounting for 25% of all employees. These are concerning developments, with estimates showing that 58.6% of casuals are not guaranteed a minimum number of hours of work in their job. The article notes that wages growth remains below that required to stimulate employment growth, and that a continued focus on conventional labour market indicators has the potential to lead to misguided policy formulation.

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