scholarly journals Shallow seismic reflection survey for imaging deep-seated coal layer - Case study from Muara Enim coal

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramdhani ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim ◽  
Hans Siregar ◽  
Tony Rahadinata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Borehole Data ◽  
Seismic Section ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Coal Layer ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method ◽  
Amplitude Characteristics

Indonesia has a great potential for deep-seated coal resources. To assist and support the deep-seated coal exploration, a shallow seismic reflection method is applicable for this purpose. This study has conducted a shallow seismic reflection method in Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatera Province. The Muara Enim coal target varies from 100 to 500 meters from the surface. The thickness of the coal layer varies from 2 to 10.65 meters. This study uses 48 channels with 14 Hz single geophone and MiniSosie as the energy source. The receiver and source interval is 15 meters. This study uses a fixed receiver and moving source configuration. From the interpreted seismic section, this study identified a deep-seated coal layer target. These layers are Mangus, Burung, Benuang, Kebon and Benakat layers. A simple interpretation is analyzed by combining the seismic amplitude characteristics and the thickness of the coal layer from the borehole data. From the interpreted seismic section, deep-seated coal layer targets have strong amplitude characteristics and are continuous from southwest to the northeast with a down-dip of around 20-30°. This study helps to inform the operator companies who develop the utilization of deep-seated coal (coalbed methane, underground coal gasification and underground coal mining) about the effective and proper geophysical method for imaging deep-seated coal layer.

scholarly journals Shallow Seismic Reflection Method for Geotechnical Surveys.

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
Osamu IWATSUKI ◽  
Masaaki TABATA ◽  
Ryuji KUBOTA ◽  
Masakazu FURUTANI ◽  
Oshie TAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method

Application of a shallow seismic reflection method to the exploration of a gold deposit

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanghao Chen ◽  
Guanghe Liang ◽  
Deru Xu ◽  
Qiaosong Zeng ◽  
Shouhui Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Deposit ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method

Shallow VSP work in the U.S. Appalachian coal basin

Geophysics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-799
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Gochioco
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Seismic Section ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Seismic Wavelet ◽  
Common Depth Point ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method ◽  
Weathered Layer ◽  
Sonic Logs

Most geophysical applications in North American coal exploration have centered around the conventional surface seismic reflection method to provide continuous subsurface coverage for evaluating both good and anomalous coal reserve areas (Ruskey, 1981; Dobecki and Bartel, 1982; Greaves, 1984; Lawton, 1985; Lyatsky and Lawton, 1988; Gochioco and Cotten, 1989; Lawton and Lyatsky, 1989; Gochioco and Kelly, 1990; Gochioco, 1991; Henson and Sexton, 1991). The surface seismic reflection method, however, has inherent resolution limitations because the seismic wavelet must propagate substantial distances through the weathered layer, resulting in rapid attenuation of the desired higher frequencies. Since the depths and thicknesses of coal seams are usually known before‐hand, it is imperative that the seismic reflection associated with the target coal seam is absolutely identified in the seismic section to avoid misinterpretations. However, it is common that checkshot data and sonic and density logs are not available to generate synthetic seismograms to assist in the interpretation of coal seismic data. To overcome some of these limitations, the vertical seismic profiling (VSP) technique was tested in a coal exploration program to provide additional information for correlation with surface seismic reflection [or common‐depth‐point (CDP)] data and a synthetic seismogram generated from density and sonic logs.

Shallow seismic reflection study of a glaciated valley

Geophysics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1395-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Büker ◽  
Alan G. Green ◽  
Heinrich Horstmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Seismic Section ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Northern Switzerland ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Shallow Seismic ◽  
Glaciated Valley

Shallow seismic reflection data were recorded along two long (>1.6 km) intersecting profiles in the glaciated Suhre Valley of northern Switzerland. Appropriate choice of source and receiver parameters resulted in a high‐fold (36–48) data set with common midpoints every 1.25 m. As for many shallow seismic reflection data sets, upper portions of the shot gathers were contaminated with high‐amplitude, source‐generated noise (e.g., direct, refracted, guided, surface, and airwaves). Spectral balancing was effective in significantly increasing the strength of the reflected signals relative to the source‐generated noise, and application of carefully selected top mutes ensured guided phases were not misprocessed and misinterpreted as reflections. Resultant processed sections were characterized by distributions of distinct seismic reflection patterns or facies that were bounded by quasi‐continuous reflection zones. The uppermost reflection zone at 20 to 50 ms (∼15 to ∼40 m depth) originated from a boundary between glaciolacustrine clays/silts and underlying glacial sands/gravels (till) deposits. Of particular importance was the discovery that the deepest part of the valley floor appeared on the seismic section at traveltimes >180 ms (∼200 m), approximately twice as deep as expected. Constrained by information from boreholes adjacent to the profiles, the various seismic units were interpreted in terms of unconsolidated glacial, glaciofluvial, and glaciolacustrine sediments deposited during two principal phases of glaciation (Riss at >100 000 and Würm at ∼18 000 years before present).

Detecting Abandoned Air-Raid Shelter Using The S-Wave Seismic Reflection Method

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunichiro Ito ◽  
Takao Aizawa ◽  
Fumio Nakada ◽  
Ryosuke Kitamura
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Reflection Method ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Seismic Reflection Method
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