scholarly journals Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms and Affective Responding to Perceptions of Rejection and Acceptance from Romantic versus Non-Romantic Partners

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie A. Lazarus ◽  
Lori Scott ◽  
Joseph E. Beeney ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Stephanie D. Stepp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Unique Effect ◽  
Perceived Acceptance

We examined event-contingent recording (ECR) of daily interpersonal interactions in a diagnostically diverse sample of 101 psychiatric outpatients who were involved in a romantic relationship. We tested whether the unique effect of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms on affective responses (i.e., hostility, sadness, guilt, fear, positive affect) to perceptions of rejection or acceptance differed with one’s romantic partner compared to non-romantic partners. BPD symptoms were associated with more frequent perceptions of rejection and less frequent perceptions of acceptance across the study. For all participants, perceptions of rejecting behavior were associated with higher within-person negative affect and lower within-person positive affect. As predicted, in interactions with romantic partners only, those with high BPD symptoms reported heightened hostility and, to a lesser extent, attenuated sadness in response to perceptions of rejection. BPD symptoms did not moderate associations between perceptions of rejection and guilt, fear, or positive affect across romantic and non-romantic partners. For all participants, perceived acceptance was associated with lower within-person negative affect and high within-person positive affect. However, BPD symptoms were associated with attenuated positive affect in response to perceptions of accepting behavior in interactions with romantic partners only. BPD symptoms did not moderate associations between perceptions of acceptance and any of the negative affects across romantic and non-romantic partners. This study highlights the specificity of affective responses characteristic of BPD when comparisons are made to patients with other personality and psychiatric disorders. Implications for romantic relationship dysfunction are discussed.

scholarly journals Emotional Regulation and Affects in Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geovanny Genaro Reivan Ortiz ◽  
Daniel Orlando Icaza Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Reappraisal ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Expressive Suppression ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: The regulation of emotions and affective strategies have been shown to be relevant in the clinic of borderline personality disorder (BPD), however, the studies carried out are still not conclusive on the influencing role of these two variables on the course of the TLP. The need for empirical evidence on the relationship between the internal components of these manifestations is faced: cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, positive affect and negative affect. Result: The results indicate that the psychological variables studied present more dysfunctional values ​​in patients with BPD. The symptomatic of BPD does not moderate the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and negative affect; and cognitive reappraisal together with positive affect are associated with fewer BPD symptoms. Conclusion: The results obtained offer different clinical implications in the affective and emotional context of BPD, however, it would be necessary to use alternative measures of the emotional pattern, such as physiological methodologies to have more defining results.

Progression from interpersonal problems to suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior in borderline personality disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Allen ◽  
Michael Hallquist ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Alexandre Dombrovski
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Interpersonal Dysfunction ◽  
Suicidal Crisis

Importance: Clinicians treating borderline personality disorder (BPD) are often faced with the difficult challenge of assessing when, and for whom, risk for suicide is greatest. Addressing this dilemma requires longitudinal, prospective data from high-risk samples with an elevated base rate of suicide attempts.Objective: To test whether dispositional characteristics modulate the pathway from interpersonal dysfunction to suicide in BPD. Design: This longitudinal, observational study was conducted between 1990 and 2020. Data were analyzed between April and July 2020. Participants were assessed annually for up to 30 years (mean number of follow-ups = 7.82). Setting: Participants were recruited from inpatient, outpatient, and community referral sources.Participants: 458 individuals (Mean age = 28.59, 77% female) diagnosed with BPD.Main Outcomes and Measures: Presence or absence of a suicide attempt within one year of each follow-up assessment. Multilevel structural equation modeling was used to 1) examine longitudinal, within-person transitions from interpersonal dysfunction to suicidal ideation to suicide attempts (i.e., the [I]nterpersonal-[I]deation-[A]ttempt pathway); and 2) evaluate whether two maladaptive personality dimensions, negative affect and disinhibition, moderated these transitions.Results: At the within-person level, there was support for the I-I-A pathway: suicidal ideation accounted for the association between interpersonal dysfunction and suicide attempts. Personality further moderated each component of the I-I-A pathway: negative affect was associated with a stronger coupling between interpersonal dysfunction and ideation; and disinhibition was associated with a stronger coupling between ideation and attempts. Conclusions and Relevance: The escalation from interpersonal difficulties to a suicidal crisis in BPD involves two psychologically distinct process. An internalizing process links interpersonal dysfunction to suicidal ideation and is facilitated by trait negative. An additional externalizing process links suicidal ideation to suicide attempts, and is facilitated by trait disinhibition. Assessment of these intra- and interindividual risk factors may inform clinical decisions about when, and for whom, crisis intervention is necessary.

scholarly journals Borderline personality disorder: stress reactivity or stress generation? A prospective dimensional study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Allen ◽  
Alexandre Y. Dombrovski ◽  
Paul H. Soloff ◽  
Michael N. Hallquist
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Stress Generation ◽  
Stressful Life

Abstract Background Individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) often describe their lives as stressful and unpredictable. However, it is unclear whether the adversity faced by those with BPD is a product of stress reactivity or stress generation. Here, we examined the dynamic, prospective associations between BPD and stressful life events over 3 years. Given the heterogeneity present in BPD, we sought to understand which empirically derived dimensions of this heterogeneous disorder explain stress reactivity v. stress generation. Methods Participants included 355 individuals diagnosed with BPD and followed longitudinally at three annual assessments. Auto-regressive cross-lagged panel models were used to examine prospective associations between stressful life events and three latent dimensions implicated in BPD: negative affect, disinhibition, and antagonism. Results Antagonism and disinhibition, but not negative affect, prospectively predicted dependent stressful life events (events the individual may have some role in). Evidence for decompensation under stress was more tenuous, with independent stressful life events (those presumably outside the individual's control) predicting increases in negative affect. Conclusions Our longitudinal study of a well-characterized clinical sample found more evidence for stress generation than for stress-induced decompensation in BPD. Stress generation in BPD is driven by externalizing dimensions: antagonism and disinhibition. These results highlight the utility of empirically derived dimensions for parsing heterogeneity present in BPD, leading to improvements in diagnostic evaluation, clinical prediction, and individualized approaches to treatment planning.

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