Nucleolar complex protein 4, NOC4L, is a differentially expressed gene in brain metastatic human breast cancer.
Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with brain metastasis in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the nucleolar complex protein 4, encoded by NOC4L, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. NOC4L mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of NOC4L in primary tumors was significantly correlated with patient overall survival. Modulation of NOC4L expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.