The trilobite Phacops rana has previously been documented in two life positions: horizontally outstretched and enrolled (Hall and Clarke, 1888). A specimen of Phacops rana was recovered in an unusual life position from the Windom Member of the Moscow Formation (Figure 1). It was collected from a borrow pit along Castle Hill Road, 1 km east of Earlville in Chenango County, New York. The trilobite appears to have burrowed tail first into the substrate, with only part of the cephalon and one or two thoracic segments exposed above the sediment surface. The orientation of the eyes indicate that the visual field was horizontal. The thorax angled into the substrate at an angle of approximately 50° from the horizontal, with the pygidium tilted dorsally relative to the thorax. Compaction effects appear to be slight. Because the specimen was found in situ, no doubt exists as to its orientation with respect to bedding. It is also evident from bedding plane surfaces that this trilobite had burrowed, and was not simply draped over an uneven substrate, as it intersects three bedding planes. There is no evidence of any object over which it could have been draped. No burrow trace, lining, or scratch marks are preserved. No other specimens of Phacops in this position have been reported.
Injection of radioactive waste by hydraulic fracturing at West Valley, New York. Volume 4. Supplement 1: Cost estimate
