Effects of cervical spinal cord stimulation on cerebral blood flow in the rat

2000 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Sagher ◽  
Dah-Luen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Peripheral Vasculature ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is frequently used for the treatment of chronic pain. Although the mechanisms by which SCS alleviates pain are unclear, they are believed to involve changes within the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Spinal cord stimulation has also been found to cause significant vasodilation in the peripheral vasculature. The mechanisms underlying this effect are thought to involve sympathetic blockade. A rostral vasodilatory effect has also been described, but changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) have been poorly delineated. Using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), the authors examined the effects of cervical SCS on CBF in rats. Methods. Cervical SCS was found to result in a significant increase in cortical LDF values (83 ± 11% [mean ± standard error of the mean]). The increase in cortical LDF values was not accompanied by a significant increase in systemic blood pressure. Stimulation of the upper cervical spinal cord was more effective in inducing LDF changes than was that of the lower cervical cord. Changes in SDS-induced LDF values were significantly attenuated after spinal cord transection at the cervicomedullary junction and by the administration of the sympathetic blocker hexamethonium. Conclusions. These results indicate that cervical SCS may induce cerebral vasodilation and that this effect may involve indirect effects on vasomotor centers in the brainstem as well as an alteration in sympathetic tone.

Spinal cord stimulation reducing infarct volume in a model of focal cerebral ischemia in rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oren Sagher ◽  
Dah-Luen Huang ◽  
Richard F. Keep
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors previously showed that spinal cord stimulation (SCS) increases cerebral blood flow in rats, indicating that this technique may be useful in the treatment of focal cerebral ischemia. In the present study, the neuroprotective potential of SCS in the setting of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was investigated. Methods. The authors induced permanent, focal cerebral ischemia by using either suture-induced occlusion or direct division of the MCA in Sprague—Dawley rats. Electrical stimulation of the cervical spinal cord was performed during cerebral ischemia. Cerebral blood flow was assessed using both laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and quantitative radiotracer analysis. Stroke volumes were analyzed after 6 hours of ischemia. Spinal cord stimulation resulted in a 52.7 ± 13.3% increase in LDF values (nine animals). Following MCAO, LDF values decreased by 64.1 ± 3.6% from baseline values (10 animals). Spinal cord stimulation subsequently increased LDF values to 30.9 ± 13.5% below original baseline values. These findings were corroborated using radiotracer studies. Spinal cord stimulation in the setting of transcranial MCAO significantly reduced stroke volumes as well (from 203 ± 33 mm3 [control] to 32 ± 8 mm3 [MCAO plus SCS], seven animals in each group, p < 0.001). Similarly, after suture-induced MCAO, SCS reduced stroke volumes (from 307 ± 29 mm3 [control] to 78 ± 22 mm3 [MCAO plus SCS], 10 animals in each group, p < 0.001). Conclusions. A strategy of performing SCS for the prevention of critical ischemia is feasible and may have the potential for the treatment and prevention of stroke.

Direction of blood flow in the primate cervical spinal cord

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry C. Fried ◽  
John L. Doppman ◽  
Giovanni Di Chiro
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vertebral Arteries ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Thoracic Cord ◽  
Cervical Level ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The direction of blood flow in the cervical spinal cord of monkeys was studied by direct cinematic observation of the results of dye injections, plus separate angiographic studies. The studies indicated that in monkeys blood enters the cervical spinal cord mainly from radicular arteries that are usually derived from branches of the costo-cervical trunk. Although some blood entering at the low cervical level flows toward the thoracic cord, the major component flows up to the C-2 level. The findings cast doubt on the established assumption that the vertebral arteries provide the main blood supply of the cervical cord.

Sympathetic mechanisms in cerebral blood flow alterations induced by spinal cord stimulation

2003 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Patel ◽  
Dah-Luen Huang ◽  
Oren Sagher
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Sympathetic Tone ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Sympathetic Blockade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Systemic Hypotension ◽  
Fine Print

Object. Cervical spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been found to augment cerebral blood flow (CBF) in a number of animal models, although the mechanisms underlying the cerebrovascular effects of SCS are poorly described. In this study, the authors examined the role of sympathetic tone in CBF alterations induced by SCS in rats. Methods. Spinal cord stimulation was performed at three intervals while CBF was monitored with laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Either hexamethonium (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg), prazosin (0.25, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg), idazoxan (0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg), propranolol (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg), or vehicle was administered intravenously before the second stimulation. Changes in LDF values due to SCS were recorded as the percentage of change from baseline values and were analyzed. In vehicle-treated animals, SCS increased LDF values by 60.5 ± 1.8% over baseline, whereas both high-dose hexamethonium and prazosin completely abolished the SCS-induced increases in LDF values. On the other hand, LDF values increased by 50.9 ± 4% and 61.4 ± 4% after SCS in the presence of idazoxan or propranolol, respectively. Administration of sympathetic nervous system blockers resulted in a variable degree of systemic hypotension as well. Nevertheless, induced hypotension without sympathetic blockade had only a minimal effect on SCS-induced augmentation of LDF values (48 ± 1.4% over baseline). Conclusions. Sympathetic tone plays a major role in SCS-induced increases in CBF. This effect seems to be mediated primarily by α1-adrenergic receptors. Systemic hypotension alone cannot explain the effects of sympathetic blockade on the SCS response. Clinical use of SCS in the treatment of cerebral ischemia should take α1-adrenergic receptor sympathetic tone into account.

scholarly journals Cerebral blood flow increase in cancer patients by applying cervical spinal cord stimulation

Neurocirugía ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Clavo ◽  
F. Robaina ◽  
L. Catalá ◽  
M. Lloret ◽  
B. Pinar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow Increase

Deformation of the cervicomedullary junction and spinal cord in a surgically treated adult Chiari I hindbrain hernia associated with syringomyelia: a magnetic resonance microscopic and neuropathological study

1996 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emile A. M. Beuls ◽  
Marie-Anne M. Vandersteen ◽  
Linda M. Vanormelingen ◽  
Peter J. Adriaensens ◽  
Gerard Freling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Cord ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Microscopy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hindbrain Hernia ◽  
Fine Print

✓ The lower brainstem and cervical spinal cord from an ordinarily treated case of Chiari Type I hindbrain hernia associated with syringomyelia was examined using high-resolution magnetic resonance microscopy and standard neuropathological techniques. Magnetic resonance microscopy allows total screening and visualizes the disturbed internal and external microanatomy in the three orthogonal planes with the resolution of low-power optical microscopy. An additional advantage is the in situ visualization of the shunts. Afterwards the intact specimen is still available for microscopic examination. Part of the deformation of the medulla is caused by chronic tonsillar compression and molding inside the foramen magnum. Other anomalies, such as atrophy caused by demyelination, elongation, and unusual disturbances at the level of the trigeminal and solitary nuclear complexes contribute to the deformation. At the level of the syrinx-free upper part of the cervical cord, anomalies of the dorsal root and the dorsal horn are demonstrated.

scholarly journals Role of TRPV1 in augmentation of cerebral blood flow by cervical spinal cord stimulation in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Yang ◽  
Jay P Farber ◽  
Mingyuan Wu ◽  
Robert D Foreman ◽  
Chao Qin
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord
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