scholarly journals A Template Based Graph Reduction System Based on Combinators

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-262
Author(s):  
Abdullah Çavuşoğlu ◽  
H. Göktaş ◽  
Necla Vardal
Keyword(s):  
Graph Reduction ◽  
Reduction System

Experience with the implementation of a concurrent graph reduction system on an nCUBE/2 platform

1994 ◽  
pp. 497-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Bülck ◽  
Achim Held ◽  
Werner Kluge ◽  
Stefan Pantke ◽  
Carsten Rathsack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graph Reduction ◽  
Reduction System

π-RED+ An interactive compiling graph reduction system for an applied λ-calculus

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 723-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Gärtner ◽  
Werner E. Kluge
Keyword(s):  
Programming Language ◽  
Code Generation ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Interactive Program ◽  
Program Transformations ◽  
Graph Reduction ◽  
Reduction System ◽  
Function Calls ◽  
Language Interpretation ◽  
High Level

AbstractThis paper describes a compiling graph reduction system which realizes the reduction semantics of a fully-fledged applied λ-calculus. High-level functional programs are conceptually executed as sequences of program transformations governed by full β-reductions. They may be carried out step-by-step, and intermediate programs may be displayed in high-level notation, rendering the system suitable for interactive program design, high-level debugging, and also for teaching basic programming language concepts and language interpretation. Run-time efficiency for production runs is achieved by means of an abstract stack machine ASM which serves as an intermediate level of code generation. It employs multiple stacks for reasonably fast function calls, optimized tail-end recursions, and earliest possible releases of subgraphs that are no longer needed. The ASM involves an interpreter if and only if potential naming conflicts need to be resolved when reducing partial function applications.

scholarly journals A GRAPH REDUCTION SYSTEM USING GRAPH TERMS

10.5109/13421 ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 27-40
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Mizoguchi
Keyword(s):  
Graph Reduction ◽  
Reduction System

ELECTRONIC AREA DETECTOR DATA REDUCTION SYSTEM AT THE SRS

1986 ◽  
Vol 47 (C5) ◽  
pp. C5-109-C5-113
Author(s):  
J. W. CAMPBELL ◽  
D. CROFT ◽  
J. R. HELLIWELL ◽  
P. MACHIN ◽  
M. Z. PAPIZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Reduction ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
Reduction System

Construction of Defect Reduction System by Improving Wet-end Chemical Retention

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 309-315
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Oishi ◽  
Koichi Tadaki ◽  
Kazutaka Kasuga
Keyword(s):  
Defect Reduction ◽  
Reduction System ◽  
Chemical Retention

Improved Environment-Aware–Based Noise Reduction System for Cochlear Implant Users Based on Knowledge Transfer Approach (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieber Po-Hung Li ◽  
Ji-Yan Han ◽  
Wei-Zhong Zheng ◽  
Ren-Jie Huang ◽  
Ying-Hui Lai
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Cochlear Implant ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Perceptual Evaluation ◽  
Reduction System ◽  
Listening Tests ◽  
Implementation Costs

BACKGROUND The cochlear implant technology is a well-known approach to help deaf patients hear speech again. It can improve speech intelligibility in quiet conditions; however, it still has room for improvement in noisy conditions. More recently, it has been proven that deep learning–based noise reduction (NR), such as noise classification and deep denoising autoencoder (NC+DDAE), can benefit the intelligibility performance of patients with cochlear implants compared to classical noise reduction algorithms. OBJECTIVE Following the successful implementation of the NC+DDAE model in our previous study, this study aimed to (1) propose an advanced noise reduction system using knowledge transfer technology, called NC+DDAE_T, (2) examine the proposed NC+DDAE_T noise reduction system using objective evaluations and subjective listening tests, and (3) investigate which layer substitution of the knowledge transfer technology in the NC+DDAE_T noise reduction system provides the best outcome. METHODS The knowledge transfer technology was adopted to reduce the number of parameters of the NC+DDAE_T compared with the NC+DDAE. We investigated which layer should be substituted using short-time objective intelligibility (STOI) and perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) scores, as well as t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to visualize the features in each model layer. Moreover, we enrolled ten cochlear implant users for listening tests to evaluate the benefits of the newly developed NC+DDAE_T. RESULTS The experimental results showed that substituting the middle layer (ie, the second layer in this study) of the noise-independent DDAE (NI-DDAE) model achieved the best performance gain regarding STOI and PESQ scores. Therefore, the parameters of layer three in the NI-DDAE were chosen to be replaced, thereby establishing the NC+DDAE_T. Both objective and listening test results showed that the proposed NC+DDAE_T noise reduction system achieved similar performances compared with the previous NC+DDAE in several noisy test conditions. However, the proposed NC+DDAE_T only needs a quarter of the number of parameters compared to the NC+DDAE. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that knowledge transfer technology can help to reduce the number of parameters in an NC+DDAE while keeping similar performance rates. This suggests that the proposed NC+DDAE_T model may reduce the implementation costs of this noise reduction system and provide more benefits for cochlear implant users.

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