scholarly journals Fungistatic Action of N-Acetylcysteine on Candida albicans Biofilms and Its Interaction with Antifungal Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 980
Author(s):  
Thaís Soares Bezerra Santos Nunes ◽  
Leticia Matheus Rosa ◽  
Yuliana Vega-Chacón ◽  
Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Fungistatic Action ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Confocal Images ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms ◽  
Mucolytic Agent ◽  
Soluble Components

Therapies targeted to fungal biofilms, mainly against the matrix, and therapies that do not induce microbial resistance are relevant. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a mucolytic agent, has shown antimicrobial action. This study evaluated the effect of NAC against fluconazole-susceptible (CaS) and -resistant (CaR) Candida albicans. The susceptibility of planktonic cultures to NAC, the effect of NAC on biofilms and their matrix, the interaction of NAC with antifungal agents, and confocal microscopy were evaluated. Data were analyzed descriptively and by the ANOVA/Welch and Tukey/Gomes–Howell tests. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NAC was 25 mg/mL for both strains. NAC significantly reduced the viability of both fungal strains. Concentrations higher than the MIC (100 and 50 mg/mL) reduced the viability and the biomass. NAC at 12.5 mg/mL increased the fungal viability. NAC also reduced the soluble components of the biofilm matrix, and showed synergism with caspofungin against planktonic cultures of CaS, but not against biofilms. Confocal images demonstrated that NAC reduced the biofilm thickness and the fluorescence intensity of most fluorochromes used. High concentrations of NAC had similar fungistatic effects against both strains, while a low concentration showed the opposite result. The antibiofilm action of NAC was due to its fungistatic action.

scholarly journals In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Properties of Three Antifungal Agents against Preformed Candida albicans Biofilms Determined by Time-Kill Studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11) ◽  
pp. 3634-3636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon Ramage ◽  
Kacy VandeWalle ◽  
Stefano P. Bachmann ◽  
Brian L. Wickes ◽  
José L. López-Ribot
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

ABSTRACT We have examined the in vitro activities of fluconazole, amphotericin B, and caspofungin against Candida albicans biofilms by time-kill methodology. Fluconazole was ineffective against biofilms. Killing of biofilm cells was suboptimal at therapeutic concentrations of amphotericin B. Caspofungin displayed the most effective pharmacokinetic properties, with ≥99% killing at physiological concentrations.

scholarly journals Exopolysaccharide matrix of developed candida albicans biofilms after exposure to antifungal agents

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wander José da Silva ◽  
Letícia Machado Gonçalves ◽  
Jayampath Seneviratne ◽  
Nipuna Parahitiyawa ◽  
Lakshman Perera Samaranayake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Xtt Assay ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Biofilm Architecture ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of fluconazole or nystatin exposure on developed Candida albicans biofilms regarding their exopolysaccharide matrix. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against fluconazole or nystatin was determined for C. albicans reference strain (ATCC 90028). Poly(methlymethacrylate) resin (PMMA) specimens were fabricated according to the manufacturer's instructions and had their surface roughness measured. Biofilms were developed on specimens surfaces for 48 h and after that were exposed during 24 h to fluconazole or nystatin prepared in a medium at MIC, 10 x MIC or 100 x MIC. Metabolic activity was evaluated using an XTT assay. Production of soluble and insoluble exopolysaccharide and intracellular polysaccharides was evaluated by the phenol-sulfuric method. Confocal laser scanning microscope was used to evaluate biofilm architecture and percentage of dead/live cells. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey's test at 5% significance level. The presence of fluconazole or nystatin at concentrations higher than MIC results in a great reduction of metabolic activity (p<0.001). At MIC or 10 x MIC, fluconazole showed high amounts of intracellular polysaccharides (p<0.05), but did not affect the exopolysaccharide matrix (p>0.05). The exposure to nystatin also did not alter the exopolysaccharide matrix at all the tested concentrations (p>0.05). Biofilm architecture was not affected by either of the antifungal agents (p>0.05). Nystatin promoted higher proportion of dead cells (p<0.05). It may be concluded that fluconazole and nystatin above the MIC concentration reduced the metabolic activity of C. albicans biofilms; however, they were not able to alter the exopolysaccharide matrix and biofilm architecture.

scholarly journals Antifungal Combinations against Candida albicans Biofilms In Vitro

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 3657-3659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano P. Bachmann ◽  
Gordon Ramage ◽  
Kacy VandeWalle ◽  
Thomas F. Patterson ◽  
Brian L. Wickes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Titration Method ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms ◽  
Checkerboard Titration

ABSTRACT Candida biofilms display increased resistance to most antifungal agents. We have evaluated the efficacy of combinations of fluconazole (FLC), amphotericin B, and caspofungin (CSP) against Candida albicans biofilms in vitro. Indifference was observed for all the combinations of paired antifungal agents when a checkerboard titration method was used. Time-kill experiments revealed an antagonistic effect of high FLC doses with CSP.

scholarly journals Interactions between Human Phagocytes and Newer Antifungal Agents against Candida albicans Biofilms

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. S46
Author(s):  
Aspasia Katragkou ◽  
Maria Simitsopoulou ◽  
Michael Kruhlak ◽  
Athanasios Chatzimoschou ◽  
Elpiniki Georgiadou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

scholarly journals In VitroStudy of Sequential Fluconazole and Caspofungin Treatment against Candida albicans Biofilms

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 1183-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semanti Sarkar ◽  
Priya Uppuluri ◽  
Christopher G. Pierce ◽  
Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Cellular Stress ◽  
Sequential Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Therapy Regimen ◽  
Cellular Stress Responses ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

ABSTRACTCandida albicansbiofilms are generally considered to be resistant to azole antifungal agents but susceptible to echinocandins. We demonstrate that in a sequential therapy regimen, treatment with fluconazole first followed by caspofungin leads to a significant decrease of the efficacy of this echinocandin. Cellular stress responses induced by high fluconazole concentrations and mediated by Hsp90 and calcineurin play an important role in this phenomenon.

P1272 In vitro activity of newer antifungal agents against Candida albicans biofilms

2007 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. S350
Author(s):  
A. Katragkou ◽  
M. Simitsopoulou ◽  
E. Diza-Mataftsi ◽  
C. Tsantali ◽  
E. Roilides
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms

Transcription factor Efg1 contributes to the tolerance of Candida albicans biofilms against antifungal agents in vitro and in vivo

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 813-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bink ◽  
Gilmer Govaert ◽  
Davy Vandenbosch ◽  
Soňa Kuchariková ◽  
Tom Coenye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Candida Albicans Biofilms
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