scholarly journals A GIS Based University’s Campus Evacuation Plan in Case of Emergencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Olayinka Waziri Otun ◽  
Shedrack Ighodalo Arekhandia
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Emergency Evacuation ◽  
Host Community ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
Evacuation Plan

Abstract Emergencies are bound to happen anywhere at any time and as such pre-planning is necessary.  This study outlined a procedure by which students on a university campus can be evacuated safely, while optimising use of available resources. Applications of optimisation techniques in campus emergency planning studies are not common, especially in developing countries. Collaboration of students is essential for a successful campus emergency evacuation, as such this study examined factors that will predict students’ behaviour in an emergency. The study adopted a location-allocation (L-A) model based decision support system (DSS) to implement the campus evacuation plan.  The DSS was implemented within a geographic information system (GIS) environment.   A total of 150 students were selected randomly across six faculties at Olabisi Onabanjo University, Nigeria for the study. In the event of an emergency it is proposed that all the students will move to designated assembly areas.  The output from the emergency decision support system will be used to direct students from the assembly areas to appropriate evacuation points. The DSS was specifically applied in this study to find the locations of five evacuation points that will minimise travel distances of all students from thirteen assembly areas. The results from the DSS showed the average travel distance is 328.43 metres.  This study used the binary logistic regression model to predict factors that will influence students to assist in an emergency. The result of the analysis showed that their level of consciousness of emergencies is the only factor that will significantly influence them to assist in an emergency. The findings from this study showed that for a disaster resilient university it must develop an all-hazards comprehensive plan, conduct regular emergency training and exercises, and develop a partnership with the host community for joint use of emergency resources.  Keywords: Decision Support System ; Emergency Preparedness; Evacuation Plan; Location-Allocation Models; University Campus.

scholarly journals Decision Support System Este for Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Atmospheric Dispersion Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovít Lipták ◽  
Eva Fojcíková ◽  
Monika Krpelanová ◽  
Viera Fabová ◽  
Peter Čarný
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Energy Agency

The systems ESTE are running in nuclear crisis centers at various levels of emergency preparedness and response in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria, Bulgaria, and Iran (at NPP monitored by International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA). ESTE is a decision support system, running 24/7, and serves the crisis staff to propose actions to protect inhabitants against radiation in case of a nuclear accident. ESTE is also applicable as decision support system in case of a malicious act with radioactive dispersal device in an urban or industrial environment. Dispersion models implemented in ESTE are Lagrangean particle model (LPM) and Puff trajectory model (PTM). Described are models approaches as implemented in ESTE. PTM is applied in ESTE for the dispersion calculation near the point of release, up to 100 km from the point of nuclear accident. LPM for general atmospheric transport is applied for short-range, meso-scale and large-scale dispersion, up to dispersion on the global scale. Additionally, a specific micro-scale implementation of LPM is applied for urban scale dispersion modelling too. Dispersion models of ESTE are joined with radiological consequences models to calculate a complete spectrum of radiological parameters - effective doses, committed doses and dose rates by various irradiation pathways and by various radionuclides. Finally, radiation protective measures, like sheltering, iodine prophylaxis, or evacuation, evaluated on the base of predicted radiological impacts are proposed. Dispersion and radiological models of the state-of-the-art ESTE systems are described. Results of specific analyses, like number of particles applied, initial spatial distribution of the source, height of the bottom reference layer, are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Spatial Decision Support System for Efficient School Location-Allocation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Marios Batsaris ◽  
◽  
Dimitris Kavroudakis ◽  
Euripides Hatjiparaskevas ◽  
Panagiotis Agouroiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Spatial Decision Support System ◽  
Spatial Decision Support ◽  
School Location ◽  
Location Allocation ◽  
The City ◽  
Allocation Decisions

In Greece, a lack of a planning strategy was identified in the context of allocating students to schools. Particularly, the Secondary Educational Management of Lesvos Prefecture along with school Principals decide upon student allocation based on empirical knowledge and approximation techniques. As a consequence, during the school season of 2018-2019 capacity and proximity limitations were violated. This study introduces a Spatial Decision Support System (SDSS) to assist school location-allocation decisions in future seasons. The objective of the proposed SDSS is to minimize commute-to-school distance concerning capacity and proximity limitations. For this purpose, a capacitated P-median approach is adopted and formulated as a mixed-integer linear problem. The SDSS is further evaluated using actual data for students' transition from primary to secondary education in the city of Mytilene, Greece. Evaluation of current allocation practices carried out and further compared to those obtained by the SDSS. The results indicate a decrease of 8% in total distance whereas proximity and capacity constraints were respected accordingly. The results may be potentially useful for school planners to assist the allocation decisions in the city of Mytilene.

scholarly journals The ESTE Decision Support System for Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies: Atmospheric Dispersion Models

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Ľudovít Lipták ◽  
Eva Fojcíková ◽  
Monika Krpelanová ◽  
Viera Fabová ◽  
Peter Čarný
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Accident ◽  
Particle Model ◽  
Dispersion Modeling ◽  
Dispersion Models ◽  
Energy Agency

The ESTE system is running in nuclear crisis centers at various levels of emergency preparedness and response in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Austria, Bulgaria, and Iran (at the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant, monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)). ESTE is a decision-support system that runs 24/7 and serves the crisis staff to propose actions to protect inhabitants against radiation in case of a nuclear accident. ESTE is also applicable as a decision-support system in case of a malicious act with a radioactive dispersal device in an urban or industrial environment. The dispersion models implemented in ESTE are the Lagrangian particle model (LPM) and the Puff trajectory model (PTM). We describe model approaches as implemented in ESTE. The PTM is applied in ESTE for the dispersion calculation near the point of release, up to 100 km from the point of a nuclear accident. The LPM for general atmospheric transport is applied for short-range, meso-scale and large-scale dispersion, up to dispersion on the global scale. Additionally, a specific micro-scale implementation of the LPM is applied for urban scale dispersion modeling. The dispersion models of ESTE are joined with radiological-consequences models to calculate a complete spectrum of radiological parameters—effective doses, committed doses, and dose rates by various irradiation pathways and by various radionuclides. Finally, radiation protective measures, like sheltering, iodine prophylaxis, or evacuation, evaluated on the base of predicted radiological impacts, are proposed. The dispersion and radiological models of the state-of-the-art ESTE systems are described. The results of specific analyses, like the number of particles applied, the initial spatial distribution of the source, and the height of the bottom reference layer, are presented and discussed.

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