scholarly journals MOTIVASI METRAE DAN NYALENE PADA MASA PERTUNANGAN DI KALANGAN MASYARAKAT MADURA PERSPEKTIF ‘URF

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Abdul Jalil Jalil ◽  
Kholisatun

Madura region with diverse cultural backgrounds which become its specialty always ignores the attention of researchers to uncover, as it has become unique on most of Madura Island, especially Pamekasan at the time of engagement, a man who has been engaged in carrying out the tradition of carrying out traditions in the form of metrae and nyalene. Metrae and nyalene are usually done by the community in the last 10 months of Ramadan, together with the obligation to issue zakat fitrah for Muslims and end before the Eid Al-Fitr prayers. The submission of pertra and salenan is usually done by the parents of the male fiance, but there is a small portion of the men who are engaged to visit the residence of the female fiance with petra and salenan. Petra and salenan in the form of rice or money worth the petra and the salenan, sometimes in the form of a piece of cloth, a set of clothes or enough money to buy clothes. The tradition of metrae and nyalene is carried out, because it is driven by the desire to help each other and help reduce the burden of the female fiancee, to strengthen the bond of friendship between the two, the love that is being knitted can be bound until the time to hold a marriage contract. By submitting petra and salenan mean to imply that engagement prepared forwarded. Metrae and nyalene both form, scope and motivation of the implementer are included in the 'urf saheeh , namely, customs that apply in the midst of society and do not conflict with the Qur'an and Hadith texts, do not violate religious principles, do not contradict with reason and human mind, does not eliminate prosperity and does not bring harm even, to carry out and preserve this tradition, including carrying out religious principles in the form of help to help

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Kathryn Wishart

Abstract Speech-language pathologists, working in a multicultural, community-based environment for young children with special needs in Vancouver, Canada, collected information on 84 clients using AAC from a chart review. The speech-language pathologists collected additional usage information and attended a group interview to discuss barriers and facilitators of AAC. Thirty-one percent of the children were using AAC. Children aged between 16 and 72 months typically relied on multiple modes of communication, including sign, communication boards and binders, and low- and high-tech communication devices. All of the children used at least one type of unaided mode. Fifty-five percent used pictures or communication boards/displays, and 29% used technology with speech output. Similarities in usage of AAC were noted in home and child-care settings with increased use of unaided in homes and a slightly increased use of aided communication in child care settings. Speech-language pathologists reported that the time needed for AAC intervention as well as limited funding for high-tech devices continue to be major barriers. Additional research is needed to describe current AAC practices with young children particularly from minority linguistic and cultural backgrounds. Stakeholder input is needed to explore perceptions of children's usage of AAC in daily life with familiar and unfamiliar communication partners.


Author(s):  
Sander Martens ◽  
Addie Johnson ◽  
Martje Bolle ◽  
Jelmer Borst

The human mind is severely limited in processing concurrent information at a conscious level of awareness. These temporal restrictions are clearly reflected in the attentional blink (AB), a deficit in reporting the second of two targets when it occurs 200–500 ms after the first. However, we recently reported that some individuals do not show a visual AB, and presented psychophysiological evidence that target processing differs between “blinkers” and “nonblinkers”. Here, we present evidence that visual nonblinkers do show an auditory AB, which suggests that a major source of attentional restriction as reflected in the AB is likely to be modality-specific. In Experiment 3, we show that when the difficulty in identifying visual targets is increased, nonblinkers continue to show little or no visual AB, suggesting that the presence of an AB in the auditory but not in the visual modality is not due to a difference in task difficulty.


1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Brown
Keyword(s):  

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