Abstract
Background
Bleeding gastroduodenal ulcer has been one of the leading causes of admission in surgical or gastroenterology departments all over the world, requiring immediate intervention with high associated mortality exceeding 10%. We analyzed few important risk factors that lead to this potentially ill condition.
Methods
Data from a number of 548 patients who underwent emergency upper endoscopy were collected retrospectively from June 2020 till June 2021 in Hospital Melaka.
Results
From our data collection of emergency upper endoscopy performed, 111 patients had findings of high-risk ulcer (Forrest Ia, Ib, 2a and 2b). From these 111 patients, the most common presentation was low hemoglobin value (<10g/dL), with 43.6%. Presentation of melena encountered the second most common symptom (26.3%), while fresh per rectal bleeding counts the less common symptom (1%). Forrest Ib ulcer showed the commonest diagnosis found during endoscopy (45.5%), followed by Forrest IIa ulcer (34.5%), Forrest IIb ulcer (16.4%), and Forrest Ia ulcer (3.6%). There were 27 participants who undergo repetitive endoscopy. For Helicobacter Pylori infection, there were 367 patients (66.7%) underwent the test during endoscopy, which showed 187 patients detected (51%) with H.Pylori positive. We identify other risk factors which lead to this fatal condition such as, patient’s comorbidities including liver disease, renal disease and their medications, blood investigations including hemoglobin level, platelet count, total white cell count, total bilirubin, Alanine Transaminase (ALT), serum urea and creatinine.
Conclusions
It is a must to identify important risk factors for bleeding gastroduodenal ulcers to prevent morbidity and mortality, and to initiate emergency intervention medically and surgically. From this study, it was a great move for us to make further research on how these risk factors affecting our management of patients.
A CLINICAL STUDY OF BLEEDING GASTRODUODENAL ULCER
