COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized by its high contagiousness and unusual potential lethality. Microscopically, diffuse alveolar damage is the main histologic lung injury dominated by alveolar destruction. At the early stage, the authors note non-specific lesions similar to lesions of diffuse alveolar damage. In particular, the alveoli dilated and filled with exudative fibromyxoid material, the thickening of the interalveolar partitions by edema and an essentially mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate with eosinophilic hyaline membranes covering the alveoli. Viral inclusions are not generally found, and at an advanced stage, the installation of pulmonary fibrosis is noted. The place of non-invasive and/or invasive ventilation is undetermined in hypoxemic respiratory failure secondary to SARS-Cov-2 pneumonia, whereas in the most severe cases of COVID-19, the use of oxygenation by extracorporeal membrane is immediate. The cytokine storm in the lungs prompted clinicians to administer immunomodulators, the results of which was a reduction in hospital mortality.