The Influence of Ethanol Blends on Particulate Matter Emissions from Gasoline Direct Injection Engines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfei Chen ◽  
Mike Braisher ◽  
Alison Crossley ◽  
Richard Stone ◽  
Dave Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Engines ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Ethanol Blends

Particulate Matter Emissions from a Flexfuel Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicle

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Daemme ◽  
Renato Penteado ◽  
Daniel da Silva Costa ◽  
Rodrigo Soares Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Risso Errera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions

Simulation of Coarse Droplet and Liquid Column Formed around Nozzle Outlets Due to Valve Wobble of a Gasoline Direct Injection Injector

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Ishii ◽  
Yoshihito Yasukawa ◽  
Kazuki Yoshimura ◽  
Kiyotaka Ogura
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Spray ◽  
Direct Injection Engines ◽  
Fuel Injectors ◽  
Multiple Injections ◽  
Fuel Mixtures ◽  
Opening And Closing

The generation of particulate matter (PM) is one problem with gasoline direct-injection engines. PM is generated in high-density regions of fuel. Uniform air/fuel mixtures and short fuel-spray durations with multiple injections are effective in enabling the valves of fuel injectors not to wobble and dribble. We previously studied what effects the opening and closing of valves had on fuel spray behavior and found that valve motions in the opening and closing directions affected spray behavior and generated coarse droplets during the end-of-injection. We focused on the effects of valve wobbling on fuel spray behavior in this study, especially on the behavior during the end-of-injection. The effects of wobbling on fuel spray with full valve strokes were first studied, and we found that simulated spray behaviors agreed well with the measured ones. We also studied the effects on fuel dribble during end-of-injection. When a valve wobbled from left to right, the fuel dribble decreased in comparison with a case without wobbling. When a valve wobbled from the front to the rear, however, fuel dribble increased. Surface tension significantly affected fuel dribble, especially in forming low-speed liquid columns and coarse droplets. Fuel dribble was simulated while changing the wetting angle on walls from 60 to 5 deg. We found that the appearance of coarse droplets in sprays decreased during the end-of-injection by changing the wetting angles from 60 to 5 deg.

scholarly journals Impact of bio-alcohol fuels combustion on particulate matter morphology from efficient gasoline direct injection engines

2018 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 794-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hergueta ◽  
A. Tsolakis ◽  
J.M. Herreros ◽  
M. Bogarra ◽  
E. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Engines ◽  
Alcohol Fuels

scholarly journals Predicting the particulate matter emissions from spray-guided gasoline direct-injection spark ignition engines

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Leach ◽  
Richard Stone ◽  
Derek Fennell ◽  
David Hayden ◽  
Dave Richardson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Particle Number ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Composition ◽  
Spark Ignition Engines ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Direct Injection Spark Ignition

An index which links the fuel composition to particulate matter emissions (the PN index) was developed and is here evaluated with model fuels in a single-cylinder optical-access spray-guided direct-injection engine; the model fuels have independent control of the double-bond content and volatility, as used in the index. This index is investigated in three different engines: a single-cylinder research engine, a V8 engine recently available in the market and a current-production supercharged V6 engine. A number of market gasolines were tested in all three engines, and the results follow the trends predicted by the particle number index. Imaging of the in-cylinder sprays shows that the composition of the model fuels affects the mixture homogeneity and their particulate matter emissions; in particular, the lack of a light end in the model fuel composition can lead to misleadingly low particle number emissions owing to improved mixture preparation which is unrepresentative of market fuels. The PN index was investigated in a Jaguar Land Rover V6 engine with five different fuels over a simulated New European Driving Cycle, and the results show that the index trends are followed. The emissions were evaluated from two fuels representing the EU5 reference-fuel specifications that has been developed using the particle number index to give a difference in particulate matter emissions. The results from these fuels show that a difference in the particle number emissions of a factor of about 2 can be seen at both stoichiometric conditions and rich conditions, for two fuels representative of the EU5 reference-fuel specifications. This follows trends predicted by the particle number index. This has important implications for policy makers and European Union legislation, where particle number emissions from gasoline vehicles are now regulated for the first time, as batch-to-batch variations in the fuel composition would result in different test results under the current legislation.

scholarly journals Influence of Three-Way Catalyst on Gaseous and Particulate Matter Emissions During Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Cold-start

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Bogarra ◽  
Jose Martin Herreros ◽  
Cruz Hergueta ◽  
Athanasios Tsolakis ◽  
Andrew P. E. York ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Direct Injection Engine ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection Engine ◽  
Particulate Matter Emissions ◽  
Three Way Catalyst
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