New Hollywood, Genre and the Action Cinema

2012 ◽  
pp. 61-91
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Christopher Holliday

This chapter argues that mannerism and traditions of mannerist art give greater definition to how computer-animated films playfully dismantle their illusionist activity by making false claims about their relation to live-action cinema. To consider these specific forms of Mannerist humour in the computer-animated film, this chapter plots Mannerism’s cinematic lineage within certain styles and genres (film noir, pop music film, heritage drama, period film and cinéma du look), and notes that despite scholars having employed a vocabulary drawn from European art history to describe the (often digitally-assisted) bravura camerawork of New Hollywood cinema, Mannerism has yet to be employed as a descriptor for digital animation. This chapter therefore re-imagines computer-animated film comedy as strongly Mannerist in its invention, and draws particular attention to their strategies of allusive anti-illusionism. Computer-animated films frequently stage false, illusory discourses of revelation (feigned blooper reels, outtake material, behind-the-scenes ‘actor’ interviews) as a comic flourish that maintains the genre’s illusion. To interrogate the wit of the genre’s Mannerist play, I examine its many trompe-l’œil illusion effects and activities of self-deception.


Author(s):  
Eugenio Ercolani ◽  
Marcus Stiglegger

When William Friedkin’s psycho thriller Cruising was shown at the Berlin International Film Festival and hit cinemas worldwide in 1980 it was mainly misunderstood: the upcoming gay scene dismissed it as an offence to their efforts to open up to society and a distorted image of homosexuality, prompting the distributors to add a disclaimer that preceded the picture: Genre audiences were confused about the idea of a sexualized cop thriller with procedural drama that frequently turns into a horror film with the identity of the killer changing with each murder. Seen from today’s perspective, Friedkin’s film turned out to be an enduring cult classic documenting the gay leather scene of the late 1970s as well as providing a stunning image of identity crisis and an examination of male sexuality in general. In the fading years of the New Hollywood era (1967–1976), William Friedkin—the ‘New Hollywood Wunderkind’, with an Academy Award for his cop drama, The French Connection (1971), and following the tremendous success of his horror film, The Exorcist (1973)—proves once more the strength of his unique approach in combining genre and auteur cinema to create a fascinating film that turns 40 in 2020. This book dives into the phenomenon that is Cruising: it examines its creative context and its protagonists, as well as explaining its ongoing popularity.


Author(s):  
Alanna Thain

Canadian animator Norman McLaren claims that “animation is not the art of drawings that move but the art of movements that are drawn; what happens between each frame is much more important than what exists on each frame; animation is therefore the art of manipulating the invisible interstices that lie between the frames.” That has remained the default definition of animation since he first proposed it. Between the frames lie the alchemical transformations of animation and live-action cinema that exceed the still, photographed images. McLaren’s emphasis on the in-between may explain why his work involves stop-motion animation and was so strongly influenced by dance. Through consideration of McLaren’s collaborations with dancers in Ballet Adagio and Pas de Deux, but especially the aberrant movement and nonhuman dance of his A Chairy Tale, McLaren’s ability to animate change itself links dance’s potential for animation and animation’s ability to bring to screendance new potentials of the body.


Author(s):  
Barry Mazor

This chapter presents an overview of available writing and research materials within country music history and cinema studies disciplines on the interaction of commercial country music and theatrical motion pictures—how the music and its practitioners have been represented on-screen and reception of both have been affected by that representation, and how the music has contributed to films. The deficit in systematic resources for study is described—the lack of country music film archives, filmographies of related motion pictures, and dedicated catalogues. Literature (or its absence) engaging country music and the screen as they evolved and related in the silent, prewar sound, postwar country music boom, and post-1970 “New Hollywood” periods is outlined. How country music performances have served narratives and as self-contained cinematic elements are differentiated, and film’s continuing use as an agency for shaping country’s cultural respectability is outlined.


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