scholarly journals National Airline Networks : A Graph Theoretic Analysis

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (48) ◽  
pp. 461-474
Author(s):  
Siim Sööt

Network properties of national domestic airline Systems are examined and linked to causal factors such as levels of economic development, population size and distribution, topographic relief, and size of country. Graph theoretic indices are utilized to measure network characteristics and become the independant variables in regression analyses. The theoretical pitfalls of this method are highlighted by utilizing a path analytic framework to identify the degree of interrelationship among the dependent variables. Still, the graph theoretic method is deemed useful as a means of topologic analysis of network structures.


Author(s):  
Shuhan Zheng ◽  
Diksha Punia ◽  
Haiyan Wu ◽  
Quanying Liu


Author(s):  
Dorcas Ofori-Boateng ◽  
Asim Kumer Dey ◽  
R. Gel Yulia ◽  
H. Vincent Poor


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinna Keup ◽  
Vinay Suryaprakash ◽  
Siegfried Hauch ◽  
Markus Storbeck ◽  
Peter Hahn ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Single liquid biopsy analytes (LBAs) have been utilized for therapy selection in metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We performed integrative statistical analyses to examine the clinical relevance of using multiple LBAs: matched circulating tumor cell (CTC) mRNA, CTC genomic DNA (gDNA), extracellular vesicle (EV) mRNA, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Methods Blood was drawn from 26 hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative MBC patients. CTC mRNA and EV mRNA were analyzed using a multi-marker qPCR. Plasma from CTC-depleted blood was utilized for cfDNA isolation. gDNA from CTCs was isolated from mRNA-depleted CTC lysates. CTC gDNA and cfDNA were analyzed by targeted sequencing. Hierarchical clustering was performed within each analyte, and its results were combined into a score termed Evaluation of multiple Liquid biopsy analytes In Metastatic breast cancer patients All from one blood sample (ELIMA.score), which calculates the contribution of each analyte to the overall survival prediction. Singular value decomposition (SVD), mutual information calculation, k-means clustering, and graph-theoretic analysis were conducted to elucidate the dependence between individual analytes. Results A combination of two/three/four LBAs increased the prevalence of patients with actionable signals. Aggregating the results of hierarchical clustering of individual LBAs into the ELIMA.score resulted in a highly significant correlation with overall survival, thereby bolstering evidence for the additive value of using multiple LBAs. Computation of mutual information indicated that none of the LBAs is independent of the others, but the ability of a single LBA to describe the others is rather limited—only CTC gDNA could partially describe the other three LBAs. SVD revealed that the strongest singular vectors originate from all four LBAs, but a majority originated from CTC gDNA. After k-means clustering of patients based on parameters of all four LBAs, the graph-theoretic analysis revealed CTC ERBB2 variants only in patients belonging to one particular cluster. Conclusions The additional benefits of using all four LBAs were objectively demonstrated in this pilot study, which also indicated a relative dominance of CTC gDNA over the other LBAs. Consequently, a multi-parametric liquid biopsy approach deconvolutes the genomic and transcriptomic complexity and should be considered in clinical practice.



2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 3239-3249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zijian Bian ◽  
Wenjun Tan ◽  
Jinzhu Yang ◽  
Jiren Liu ◽  
Dazhe Zhao


2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M. Cohn ◽  
Heidi M. Zinzow ◽  
Heidi S. Resnick ◽  
Dean G. Kilpatrick

Rape tactics, rape incident characteristics, and mental health problems (lifetime depression, PTSD, and substance abuse) were investigated as correlates of eight different reasons for not reporting a rape to police among women who had experienced but did not report a rape to police ( n = 441) within a national telephone household probability sample. Rape tactics (nonmutually exclusive) included drug or alcohol-facilitated or incapacitated rape (DAFR/IR; n = 119) and forcible rape (FR; n = 376). Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was conducted to extract a dominant set of patterns among the eight reasons for not reporting, and to reduce the set of dependent variables. PCA results indicated three unique factors: Not Wanting Others to Know, Nonacknowledgment of Rape, and Criminal Justice Concerns. Hierarchical regression analyses showed DAFR/IR and FR were both positively and significantly associated with Criminal Justice Concerns, whereas DAFR/IR, but not FR, was associated with Nonacknowledgment as a reason for not reporting to police. Neither DAFR/IR nor FR emerged as significant predictors of Others Knowing after controlling for fear of death or injury at the time of the incident. Correlations among variables showed that the Criminal Justice Concerns factor was positively related to lifetime depression and PTSD and the Nonacknowledgement factor was negatively related to lifetime PTSD. Findings suggest prevention programs should educate women about the definition of rape, which may include incapacitation due to alcohol or drugs, to increase acknowledgement and decrease barriers to police reporting.



Man ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 425
Author(s):  
C. A. Gregory ◽  
Per Hage ◽  
Frank Harary


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