A road map for a sustainable cocoa development in Togo, West Africa

10.7287/peerj.preprints.1812 ◽

2016 ◽

Author(s):

Daniele Dendi

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Value Chain ◽

Poverty Alleviation ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Road Map ◽

South West ◽

Production Value ◽

Political Border ◽

Agro Forestry ◽

Management And Conservation

Cacao production is one of the most important agro-forestry practice in West Africa. In Togo, cacao production is concentrated in the hilly area in the south-west of the country, close to the political border with Ghana. In this commentary paper, I summarize some of the main issues faced by cacao production value chain in Togo, highlighting its connections with poverty alleviation and ecosystem management and conservation practices. A road map of future needs is also presented and discussed.

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I.L.A.M. recording tour (South West Africa and north-western Cape)

10.21504/amj.v3i4.1066 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 68-70

Author(s):

Hugh Tracey

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Western Cape ◽

South West ◽

South West Africa ◽

North Western

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Percy Sladen Memorial Expedition in South-west Africa, 1908–9

Nature ◽

10.1038/081466a0 ◽

1909 ◽

Vol 81 (2085) ◽

pp. 466-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. H. W. PEARSON

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

South West ◽

South West Africa

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The Legal Status and Functioning of the United Nations Council for Namibia

Leiden Journal of International Law ◽

10.1017/s0922156500001266 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 194-208

Author(s):

Karin Arts

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

United Nations ◽

Legal Status ◽

General Assembly ◽

South West ◽

South West Africa ◽

The United Nations

In 1966 the General Assembly of the United Nations revoked the Mandate over South West Africa (Namibia) and thus terminated South Africa's right to administer the territory. It furthermore placed Namibia under the direct responsibility of the United Nations. Administration of the territory was delegated by the General Assembly to a subsidiary organ, the UnitedNations Council for Namibia (UNCN). The author briefly describes the establishment, the structure, the functions and the powers of the Council. Special attention will be paid to questions concerning the legal status of the UNCN. Finally the major activities of the Council will be reviewed and appraised

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Evaluating the Impacts of Smallholder Farmer’s Participation in Modern Agricultural Value Chain Tactics for Facilitating Poverty Alleviation—A Case Study of Kiwifruit Industry in Shaanxi, China

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11050462 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 462

Author(s):

Hongyu Wang ◽

Xiaolei Wang ◽

Apurbo Sarkar ◽

Lu Qian

Keyword(s):

Value Chain ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Poverty Alleviation ◽

Poverty Reduction ◽

Smallholder Farmers ◽

Multidimensional Poverty ◽

Well Being ◽

Reduction Degree ◽

Poverty Level ◽

Storage Technology

Market-based initiatives like agriculture value chain (AVC) are becoming progressively pervasive to support smallholder rural farmers and assist them in entering larger market interventions and providing a pathway of enhancing their socioeconomic well-being. Moreover, it may also foster staggering effects towards the post-era poverty alleviation in rural areas and possessed a significant theoretical and practical influence for modern agricultural development. The prime objective of the study is to explore the effects of smallholder farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain for availing rural development and poverty alleviation. Specifically, we have crafted the assessment employing pre-production (improved fertilizers usage), in-production (modern preservation technology), and post-production (supply chain) participation and interventions of smallholder farmers. The empirical data has been collected from a micro survey dataset of 623 kiwifruit farmers from July to September in Shaanxi, China. We have employed propensity score matching (PSM), probit, and OLS models to explore the multidimensional poverty reduction impact and heterogeneity of farmers’ participation in the agricultural value chain. The results show that the total number of poor farmers who have experienced one-dimensional and two-dimensional poverty is relatively high (66.3%). We also find that farmers’ participation in agricultural value chain activities has a significant poverty reduction effect. The multidimensional poverty level of farmers using improved fertilizer, organizational acquisition, and using storage technology (compared with non-participating farmers) decreased by 30.1%, 46.5%, and 25.0%, respectively. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of male farmers using improved fertilizer and participating in the organizational acquisition is greater than that of women. The multidimensional poverty reduction degree of female farmers using storage and fresh-keeping technology has a greater impact than the males using storage and improved storage technology. Government should widely promote the value chain in the form of pre-harvest, production, and post-harvest technology. The public–private partnership should also be strengthened for availing innovative technologies and infrastructure development.

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