EARTH'S CREATION STIMULUS: CREATION OF GRAPHIC ARTS WITH USED PLYWOOD MEDIA

Natural phenomena, especially climate change, are increasingly worrying lately. Graphic art can be used to express concern for the environment in response to climate change. The creation of this graphic art work uses the concept of the earth's creation stimulus. The creative methods used include: experimentation, contemplation, and formation. Abstract Expressionism was chosen as the style of personal expression in the creation of this work. The creative technique used is high printing technique with used plywood media. The results of the creation process show that the visualization of the concept of the earth's creative stimulus produces the forms of circles and lines. These forms are the main motif in the creation of graphic art with the stimulation of this earth's creativity

EVALUATION OF PHOTOREALISTIC AND ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONS IN GERHARD RICHTER WORKS

Gerhard Richter, who experiences different styles, production methods and methods together in his works; offers the audience different variations in artistic orientation and expressions. Gerhard Richter draws his own artistic boundaries with photorealistic paintings in which images and representations are reflected exactly, and abstract works created with an informal shaping attitude. While photographs, digital prints, blurring images are encountered in his photorealistic works, textured and vibrant colors are encountered in his abstract works. While Gerhard Richter includes figures, portraits, family photographs and landscapes in which grays are intense, with the traces of social associations formed in memory in the photorealistic period, he reflects the authentic values on the canvas surface in an ambiguous way. The abstract canvases reflecting the physicality and the intensity of the composition of colors, on the other hand, appear as the continuation, reflection and alteration of photographs, blur and ambiguity. In the research, it is aimed to examine the periods of the artist, which starts with photography and ends with abstract works, with production methods and methods. Diversity in production and styling, content representations reflected in the transformation of photographic images into pictorial forms; It turns into covered narratives with the transfer of the traces in the artist's memory to the artwork. The literature on Gerhard Richter and his works was scanned and the available data were analyzed with a descriptive method. In both periods shaped by social influence and spiritual impressions, it is observed that the artist diversified his production and included the language of expression shaped in concrete or abstract form through experimental practices in his works. Keywords: Gerhard Richter, photorealism, photography, abstract expressionism

Otherwise Than Terror

This chapter suggests that—whether or not one wishes to implement a concept of the secular—a proper understanding of its classic variant (the “modernist” secular) is only possible when one leaves behind the typical Hegelian framework in which the secular is equated with a deadening and immature form of immediate negation and instead Schellingianizes the secular. This involves paying attention—on their own terms—to the concepts of abstraction, indifference, and the neutral. By way of Fichte’s and Schelling’s construction of an a-Hegelian form of German Idealism—as well as a whole host of resources from abstract expressionism and Blanchot to a case heard at the European Court of Human Rights concerning the value of the secular (Lautsi v. Italy)—it is shown that the modernist secular has, for better or worse, its own peculiar logic of reduction.