HIPPOCAMPAL CONNECTIVITY IN ILLITERATE ADULTS FROM BRAZIL

Background: The role of hippocampal connectivity for good memory performance is well known in persons with high educational level. However, it is understudied the role of hippocampal connectivity in illiterate populations. Objectives: To determine whether the hippocampal connectivity correlate with episodic memory in illiterate adults. Methods: Thirty-nine illiterate adults underwent resting state functional MRI and an episodic memory test (Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test). We correlated the hippocampal connectivity at rest with the free recall scores. Analyzes were corrected for head motion and physiological BOLD signal. Results: Participants were most female (66%) and black (79%) and the mean age was 49 years-old (±13.9). The mean score on free recall was 27.2 (±10.7) out of 48 points. We found a significant correlation between both hippocampi and the posterior cingulate and ventral medial prefrontal cortex. However, we did not find an association between the hippocampal connectivity and the memory scores. Conclusions: The lack of association with memory scores might be associated with low brain reserve in this group of individuals.

La Junta Nacional contra el analfabetismo (1950-1970): un análisis documental

El 10 de marzo de 1950 se creaba por decreto la Junta Nacional contra el Analfabetismo cuyo objetivo era reducir la tasa de analfabetos entre la población adulta española a través de una red de juntas provinciales, municipales y locales. El objetivo de este estudio es reconstruir la trayectoria acometida por esta institución durante la década de los cincuenta y sesenta a partir de los documentos publicados en el Boletín Oficial del Estado que hacen mención a la misma.Encontramos dos momentos claves durante la vigencia de la Junta Nacional. El primero de creación y desarrollo de 1950 a 1963 y un segundo momento definido por la Campaña Nacional contra el Analfabetismo iniciada en 1963 para cuatro cursos escolares. Los esfuerzos de este organismo junto a los realizados por otras instituciones redujeron la tasa de analfabetos adultos de un 17% en 1950 a un 9% existente al inicio de 1970. On the tenth of March in 1950 The National Committee Against Illiteracy was created by decree with a view to reducing the illiteracy rate among the Spanish adult population. The aim of this study is to reconstruct, from the documents published in the National State Journal, the process followed by this institution during the 1950s and 1960s. We found two keys moments during the enforcement of the National Committee: a period of creation and development from 1950 to 1963 and the activation in 1963 of the National Campaign Against Illiteracy which lasted for four school years. The efforts of this organization along with those by other institutions reduced the rate of illiterate adults from 17% in 1950 to 9% at the beginning of 1970.