South Pole Ice Core Reveals History of Antarctic Sea Ice

Every summer, most of the sea ice near Antarctica melts away, but its saltiness leaves a permanent record that scientists can trace back for millennia.

The Civil Procedure Rules at 20

The book provides a series of presentations and papers to mark the 20th anniversary of the CPR coming into force, many of which were delivered orally at the CPR at 20 Conference at the Bonavero Institute of Human Rights, Mansfield College, Oxford in 2019. The presentations and papers have been edited and extended to provide a permanent record available to a wider audience. The book considers the successes and failures of the CPR, and current challenges faced by those designing, administering and using the civil justice system. It covers a range of topics including: the digitisation of the civil justice system, the overriding objective, principles of proportionality, disclosure, collective redress, judicial review rules, closed material proceedings and costs and funding rules. The book contains doctrinal, theoretical and empirical research and analysis about the use of the civil procedure rules and the civil justice system more broadly.

Framing effects, replications, and scientific inference: Reply to commentary by Simmons and Nelson (2013) on Mandel (2014)

A reply to Simmons and Nelson (2013) was posted at https://sites.google.com/site/themandelian/data-colada in December, 2013. As it has been cited in literature, and as the website on which it appeared will soon be inactive, the aim of this document is to ensure the reply has a permanent record going forward. This version has been edited for style, but the substantive content is the same as in the original post.

A novel Caldicott-compliant hospital imaging protocol for open fracture photography

Open fractures incur significant morbidity and mortality, and as such have standardised guidelines for their management. Photography of open fractures is an essential component of documentation in the treatment of open fractures as per the British Orthopaedic Association Standards of Trauma and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. Smartphones have made photography easily accessible to the clinician, but serious concerns exist regarding data security and the consent process around the use of sensitive clinical images. This project sought to overcome this issue by developing a Caldicott-compliant hospital imaging protocol that allows clinicians to use their smartphone to upload open fracture images into the patient's permanent record. Implementation of the protocol was audited and resulted in the increase of safe and secure open fracture photographic storage to inpatient medical records. This protocol would be transferrable to other hospital trusts and could be adopted across major trauma networks.