The model of a cavity-enclosed 2-state atom with transition frequency near resonant with a cavity mode is introduced. For conditions where their coupling dominates the Jaynes–Cummings model is described. Rabi flopping of energy between atom’s excited state and the cavity mode is recounted. Hybrid states and the AC Stark effect are discussed. Experiments with Rydberg atoms revealing the quantum nature of the cavity-atom state are discussed. Then mechanisms for trapping ions are outlined and the use of a single mercury ion as the pendulum of an optical clock is described. This relies on shelving to make non-demolition measurements on the ion. Then the measurement of (g-2) for the electron using an electron in a Penning trap is related. The quantity of interest, is the difference between the cyclotron and spin precession frequencies: its measurement by a different non-demolition technique is detailed. Finally the Purcell effect is presented, by which the lifetime of an atomic state in a cavity can be shortened or lengthened.
Controlling the ac Stark effect of RbCs with dc electric and magnetic fields
