Two Approaches to Nonlinear Least Squares Adjustments

The following discussion of Newton-Raphson and Newton-Gauss applied to least squares adjustment of nonlinear conditions with parameters is abstracted from the longer paper, “Modern Trends in Adjustment Calculus”, presented at the International Symposium on Problems Related to the Redefinition of North American Geodetic Networks, Fredericton, New Brunswick. Copies are available from the author. This paper attempts a broad survey of some interesting, useful, or potentially useful, developments in today’s geodetic adjustment theory. Special consideration is given to relevant inputs from numerical analysis and statistics.