On the Suitability and Validity of “Reference Electrolyte” Method for the Determination of Single Ion Thermodynamic Properties in Solutions

Much advocated and supposed to be best method for the determination of the Gibbs energies of single ions in any solvent or Gibbs energies of transfer of single ions between two solvents (true for other thermodynamic properties as well) is based on thermodynamics of “reference electrolyte” TATB (tetraphenylarsoniumtetraphenylborate). TATB, composed of isoelectrical counter ions (TAHowever, all the extrathermodynamic methods including “reference electrolyte” method for the determination of single ion thermodynamic values, based on Born or modified Born equations and ionic additivity principles are defective and invalid from theoretical and practical points of view. All the single ion values in the literature are thus unreliable. Moreover, different theoretical and experimental facts make “Ph