Computer Modelling of Processes of Synergetics. «Living» Structures

A model demonstrating the properties of self-organizing systems and based on two-dimensional motion of interacting particles is proposed. The pairwise interaction between particles is described by the Lenard-Jones potential. The dissipativity property which is necessary for self-organization is provided by the introduction of velocitydependent forces arising in the collision of particles. The influence of the external environment is described by the gradual weakening ("aging") of the bonds between the particles, when they are combined into structures. The results of numerical calculations illustrate all the features of systems capable of self-organization: the formation of structures from the initial chaotic state and subsequent evolution with the constant decay of existing structures and the formation of new structures. Such properties are typical, for example, for the structures of living matter.

Safety Verification of Interconnected Hybrid Systems Using Barrier Certificates

Safety verification determines whether any trajectory starting from admissible initial states would intersect with a set of unsafe states. In this paper, we propose a numerical method for verifying safety of a network of interconnected hybrid dynamical systems with a state constraint based on bilinear sum-of-squares programming. The safety verification is conducted by the construction of a function of states called barrier certificate. We consider a finite number of interconnected hybrid systems satisfying the input-to-state property and the networked interconnections satisfying a dissipativity property. Through constructing a barrier certificate for each subsystem and imposing dissipation-inequality-like constraints on the interconnections, safety verification is formulated as a bilinear sum-of-squares feasibility problem. As a result, safety of the interconnected hybrid systems could be determined by solving an optimization problem, rather than solving differential equations. The proposed method makes it possible to verify the safety of interconnected hybrid systems, which is demonstrated by a numerical example.