The Chinese in Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago, and Panama: Lessons in History, Identity, and Culture, and Interconnections with the Chinese in the Philippines

The Chinese in Cuba, Trinidad and Tobago, and Panama have had long histories of migration dating back to the nineteenth century, when British and Spanish colonial powers started to bring them to the Caribbean and Latin America from Guangdong province. The primary goal was to provide labor for the sugar cane, guano, bird nest, gold and silver mining, and other industries. In the 1870s, Havana could boast of having the largest Chinatown in the Caribbean, with more than 10,000 Chinese. Today, it has fewer than 100 Chinese Cubans. Trinidad and Tobago’s population of Chinese waned after the nineteenth century, but many Trinidadians have some Chinese ancestry, while Panama currently has the highest percentage (7 percent) of Chinese among Latin American countries. What stories, approaches, and lessons can be learned by comparing their histories to that of the Chinese in the Philippines? More specifically, how are the experiences of the Chinese in these three countries, whether citizen or recent immigrant, similar to those in the Philippines? What can we learn from the scholarship on the Chinese in the Caribbean that can help shape our own research agenda in studying the Chinese in the Philippines? Through a combination of historical and ethnographic research, this essay discusses the ways in which the identities of each Chinese diasporic community are being shaped by local and external forces, including China’s increasing presence in the region. This essay hopes to serve as a guidepost to Chinese diaspora scholars interested in examining further the transhemispheric connections between the Caribbean and Southeast Asia.

Penilaian Keberhasilan Reklamasi Pada Pit Serujan Utara PT. IMK Kabupaten Murung Raya

PT. IMK is located in Murung Raya Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, which is engaged in gold and silver mining with an area of 47.940 hectares contract. The purpose of this study is to assess the reclamation activities that have been done in the Serujan Pit. The implementation of reclamation in PT. IMK begins with the stage based on the decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Number : 1827 K/30/MEM/2018 on the guidelines of good mining engineering regulations. The parameters used in assessing the success of reclamation are land utilization, revegetation, and finishing. The results of the success criteria derive the score value and the weights used as the basis of the assessment. Based on the results of the reclamation assessment obtained by the total value of 93.33%, with a good category (reclamation results are acceptable).

Mechanical Engineering Program at the University of Guanajuato in Mexico

Gold and Silver mining was begun in Mexico within fifty years of the Spanish conquest. The Mining Engineering and the Chemical Engineering needed to extract those valuable metals from the ore have been taught in Mexico from those early colonial days. To meet the colony’s needs for roads and structures, Civil Engineering followed as an academic discipline. Textiles and much later petroleum extraction and refining followed as important industries and they too were included in several Mexican university programs. The gradual industrialization of what is now Mexico brought with it a critical need for engineering education on a broader scale than was traditionally available. Less than forty years ago there was no Mechanical Engineering program in the State of Guanajuato, Mexico. The immediate needs of a Federal Oil Refinery and a Fossil Fuel Power Plant led to the establishment of a modest program utilizing practicing engineers as faculty, on loan part time, from the refinery. The evolution of the program from its earliest days is traced to the present program which includes a doctoral program which is rated among the top three public programs in Mexico.