Interpretation of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Behavior with Viscous Film Using a Mason Equivalent Circuit

In odor sensing based on Quartz Crystal Microbalances (QCMs), the sensing film is crucial for both sensor sensitivity and selectivity. The typical response of the QCM due to sorption is a negative frequency shift. However, in some cases, the sorption causes a positive frequency shift, and then, Sauerbrey’s equation and Kanazawa’s equation cannot be applied to this situation. We model the QCM response with a Mason equivalent circuit. The model approximates a single layer of a uniform viscous coating on the QCM. The simulation of the equation circuit shows the possibility of the positive frequency change when the sorption occurs, which is the situation we find in some of the odor sensing applications. We measured the QCM frequency and resistance using the Vector Network Analyzer (VNWA). The QCMs were coated with glycerol, PEG2000, and PEG20M. To simulate odor exposure, a microdispenser was used to deposit the water. A positive frequency shift was observed in the case of PEG2000, and a negative frequency change was obtained for PEG20M. These results can be explained by the Mason equivalent circuit, with the assumption that when the film is exposed to water, its thickness increases and its viscosity decreases.

Etude de Cavités Electromagnétiques Perturbées par un Diélectrique : Application aux Masers

In certain types of masers it is common to use storage quartz bulbs in microwave cavities. We describe the effects of such bulbs on the field components, the frequency, the quality factor, and the filling factor. Two different methods are used to solve the problem: one of these methods is classical and exact and is based on the continuity of the field components and on the equations of separation; the other method used is the so called "method of moments". The two methods give essentially the same results. Experiments have been performed to verify the theoretical results. We have observed that the quartz storage bulb produces a slight negative frequency shift, a notable lowering of the quality factor and a very slight change in the filling factor; the perturbed mode appears as a superposition of other modes. It is concluded that to reduce the perturbation we must use extremely thin bulbs with walls very close to the cavity walls.