Ethno veterinary Plants Practices at Maidan Valley, lower Dir, Western Himalaya, Pakistan

The present study was carried out in order to document the indigenous ethno veterinary knowledge (EVK) practiced by inhabitants of Maidan valley. The localities were named as Manyal, Kumber and Kotkay. All the information were collected regarding Botanicalnames, local names, part used, methods of preparation, dosage and uses. Thirty species (30) species of twenty four (24) families 29 genera of herbs, shrubs and trees were listed. Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Papilionaceae and Poaceae with two (2) species Acanthaceae, Asclepiadiaceae, Asteraceae, Berberidaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae, Meliaceae, Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Papaveraceae, Paeoniaceae, Pinaceae, Piperaceae, Sapindaceae, Solanaceae, Violaceae and Zygophylaceae with one(1) species each. Forty seven (47) diseases are cured by these thirty (30) species i.e. Abdominal pain, anesthetic, anti-heat, body temperature, cough, flu, fever, heat cycle, mucus problem, worms and wounds. It has been noted that cough is cured by five (5) species, constipation and digestion by three (3) species, flu by two (2) species, acne, antispasmodic, anti-pain, anesthetic, anti-heat, body pain, bacterial diseases, fever, purgative, gastric trouble, heat cycle, healing wounds, injury, intestinal activeness, indigestion, intestinal worms, infection, increase milk, intestinal pain, muscle nasal problem, power, pneumonia, stomach problem, stomach irritation, tick problem, throat problem, viral diseases, worms and wounds by one (1) species each. Calotropis procerais used for indigestion, intestinal worms and infections and Acacia modestais used for mucus membrane irritation, stomach irritation and digestion. The present study documented missing literature regarding ethno veterinary knowledge which was not previously mentioned.

Ethnobotany of Tharu community of Pakali, Sunsari, Nepal

Ethnobotany of Tharu community of Pakali, Sunsari has been studied. The study identified a total 119 plants under 92 genera and 52 families using by them for different purposes such as traditional medicinal practices (92.4% plants), cultural and religious ceremonies (27.7% plants), edible (37.8% plants), fodder (17.6% plants) etc. The community is using large number of plants for the treatment of more than 60 human diseases. Maximum plants (17.74) are used for stomach problem and then expelling worm, skin disease, diarrhea, dysentery and cough, rheumatism, fever and eye problems. There are few but important plants which are effective in abortion, gonorrhea, dyspepsia, appetizer, eczema, tumour, head ache, chest pain, cancer, kidney problem, cholera etc. It has been clear that the Tharu of Pakali have a good knowledge of medicinal plants and their uses.