Study of blood glucose and SGPT lowering effects of Daphne Mucronata Royle in induced diabetic rabbits

This study was carried out to study Anti-diabetic effect of the plant Daphne mucronataextract in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits. To the first fifteen healthy rabbits taken and divided them into five groups as each group contains three numbers of rabbits. Group one kept in normal condition means no induction or treatment observed. Group second was given the diabetic control dose in quantity (12mg/kg). Group three also treated with the dose rate (125mg/kg) the D. Mucronata(methanol) extract. Similarly group no four was treat with the subject extract in the concentration of (225mg/kg). And the last fifth group of rabbits had the dosage of extract (325mg/kg). This mechanism of entrance was orally ingestion and the treatment duration was eight hours, after each of the next two hours from the start the blood samples were collected, serum separated and the glucose level determined by the method known by Kit method. After all the observations we reached to an impressive conclusion that the D. Mucronata(methanol) extract has significant potential to reduce blood glucose level and also recognized to be effective to reduce the blood SGPT enzyme level, so it can be suggested that this plant has such antidiabetic and SGPT reduction effect.

Hypoglycemic and Hypocholestrolemic study of Monothica boxifolia Falc. in induced diabetic Rabbits

In the present examination, antidiabetic capability of Monothica separates (methanol) has been assessed in alloxan-prompted diabetic hares. Fifteen solid, bunnies were separated into four unique gatherings including, Normal control, Diabetic control , treated with Monothicamethanol remove, with 3 hares in each gathering. The concentrates were given orally for 24 hours, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg extricate per bunny every day. At regular intervals blood test was gathered, serum isolated and absolute glucose level, cholesterol level was controlled by unit strategy. The body weight was recorded on like clockwork interim. The Monothecamethanol extricates lowered blood glucose and cholesterol level demonstrated greatest decrease adequately. The treatment with theseconcentrates additionally diminished the blood glucose and cholesterol. Along these lines, it is presumed that the Monothecapossessnoteworthy antidiabetic movement.

Ecological Study of Different Communities Site from District Lower Dir Laram Timargara Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Pakistan

In the present research work the ecological community study was carried out of District Lower Dir Laram Timargara Khyber Pakhtun Khwa Pakistan. Salvia-Cynodon-Berberiscommunity (SCB). This community comprises a total of 24 plants species. Among these 16 are herbaceous plants, 8 are shrubby plants, while there is no single tree species found in this community. The community is dominated by Salvia moocruftianaWall, Cynodon dactylonand Berberis lyceum. The Species richness (S.R) is 1.31055873, similarity index (S.I) is 33.33333 and its Maturity index (M.I) is 49.Verbascum-Buddleja-Cotoneastercommunity (VBC).This community comprises a total of 23 plants species. Among these 10 are herbaceous, 8 are shrubby plants, while the remaining 5 plants are tree species. The community is dominated by Verbascum thapsus, Buddleja crispa and Cotoneaster nummularia.Species richness (S.R) of the community is 1.499237, similarity index (S.I) is 30.188679while its Maturity index (M.I) is 46.Cyperus-Calotropis-Ziziphuscommunity (CCZ).This community comprises a total of 32 plants species. Among these 20 are herbaceous, 8 are shrubby plants, while the remaining 5 plants are tree species. The community is dominated by Cypres rotundus, Calotropis procera and Cotoneaster nummularia. The Spcies richness (S.R) of the community is 1.146771, similarity index (SI) is 24.39024 and its Maturity index (M.I) is 58.3783. The aim of the present study to explore the flora of Laram Timargara Mountains.

Ethno veterinary Plants Practices at Maidan Valley, lower Dir, Western Himalaya, Pakistan

The present study was carried out in order to document the indigenous ethno veterinary knowledge (EVK) practiced by inhabitants of Maidan valley. The localities were named as Manyal, Kumber and Kotkay. All the information were collected regarding Botanicalnames, local names, part used, methods of preparation, dosage and uses. Thirty species (30) species of twenty four (24) families 29 genera of herbs, shrubs and trees were listed. Apiaceae, Brassicaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Papilionaceae and Poaceae with two (2) species Acanthaceae, Asclepiadiaceae, Asteraceae, Berberidaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Moraceae, Meliaceae, Mimosaceae, Myrtaceae, Oleaceae, Papaveraceae, Paeoniaceae, Pinaceae, Piperaceae, Sapindaceae, Solanaceae, Violaceae and Zygophylaceae with one(1) species each. Forty seven (47) diseases are cured by these thirty (30) species i.e. Abdominal pain, anesthetic, anti-heat, body temperature, cough, flu, fever, heat cycle, mucus problem, worms and wounds. It has been noted that cough is cured by five (5) species, constipation and digestion by three (3) species, flu by two (2) species, acne, antispasmodic, anti-pain, anesthetic, anti-heat, body pain, bacterial diseases, fever, purgative, gastric trouble, heat cycle, healing wounds, injury, intestinal activeness, indigestion, intestinal worms, infection, increase milk, intestinal pain, muscle nasal problem, power, pneumonia, stomach problem, stomach irritation, tick problem, throat problem, viral diseases, worms and wounds by one (1) species each. Calotropis procerais used for indigestion, intestinal worms and infections and Acacia modestais used for mucus membrane irritation, stomach irritation and digestion. The present study documented missing literature regarding ethno veterinary knowledge which was not previously mentioned.

Estimation of genetic diversity in the germplasm of Brassica Campestris (L.) Using morphological and biochemical markers

A total of 60 genotypes of Brassica campestris (L) germplasm were acquired from National Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan for the evaluation of genetic diversity using the morphological characters and SDS-PAGE analysis. These genotypes were grown-up in Plant Garden Department of plant sciences, University of Malakand, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, Pakistan. For the assessment of genetic diversity total of 18 morphological traits were scored and their phylogenetic relationship were plot through cluster diagram. For the estimation of genetic diversity, we used the most influential technique SDS PAGE. We observed six loci (bands) from the collected genotypes; locus-1 (band-1) contained 100% bands of protein and obvious as monomorphic locus while loci i.e. 2,3,4,5 and 6 showed 28%, 42%, 36%, 56% and 25%, respectively variation and were polymorphic. The inter species locus influence toward genetic assortment (LCTGA) was 83.33% in the attained genotypes. Profiling through SDS PAGE based on two-way cluster plottingresolved effectively the collected genotype into 4 cluster. We consider that this work provides a baseline for the understanding genetic diversity in the common crops used in Pakistan and warrants further investigation in this newly evolving field of study.

Weed Flora in Cereal crops of district Bannu

In the present research work (2016-2018), there was reported 100 genera having 114 species distributed among 37 families. Out of which 5 were of monoct families (with 21 genera and 23 spp.) and 32 families of dicot (with 79 genera & 91 spp.). According to percentage data, it was reported that the weed members of family Poaceae was the greatest in cereal crops having 16.666% spp, while the family Asteraceae was next one with 14.912% weeds spp. Family Boraginaceae and Papilionaceae gaining third position having 6.140% weeds spp. Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae and Solanaceae having 5.263%, Euphorbiaceae (4.385%), Polygonaceae (3.508%), Zygophyllaceae (2.631%), while the remaining families have less then 2.00 % weeds species. It was reported that Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Conyza bonariensis, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, Parthenium hysterophorus andSonchus asper were the common weed found in all the three important cereal crops i.e wheat, maize and rice.

Ethno botanical survey of wild medicinal plants of Khairabad Valley district Dir (Lower), Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa

The present survey for the ethno-botanical study was conduct on Khairabad Valley, Dir lower PK Pakistan, which as contain a lot of wild medicinal. Collect information including local names, local medicinal uses, Status of plants. A total of 50plants were collected, out of which 4 were gymnosperm and 46belong to angiosperm. Belong to 32family, out of this the familyLiliaceae was leading contain 8specie, followed by family Solanaceae with 3 specie, and family Apiaceaetwo specie, Rosaceae and Rutaceae consist threespecie and the remainingall consist of single species on the basis of the their statusthe plant were divided in to herb 50%, shrub 18%, tree 30% and climber 2%. 6plant uses were as tonic, four were as anticancer, three purgative and two plants were used as antiseptic, 6 are laxative, 4for wound, 3 used for digestive disorder, 5 sedative, 9use as a pain killer, 2 for blood stopping, 4 used as anthelimintis, 4 carminative, 2 used for vomiting, 5 for lever disorder, 5 headache, 7 for cough, 4 as a purgative, 3 ar0matic, 2 hemorrhoids, 4 astringent, 4 used as anti inflammatory.

Cardiac function profiling and its antidiabetic effect of Daphne mucronata in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits

Diabetes mellitusis a chronic hyperglycemia associated with elevated plasma cholesterol.Natural and traditional herbal remedies are a source of new commercial products. Anti-diabetic potential of D. mucronata extracts (methanol) has been assessed in alloxan monohydrate diabetic induced rabbits.The extracts were given orally by 8 hours. Thedose rate was 12 mg, 125mg, 225 mg and 325mg/kg body weight respectively.At every 2 hours blood sample was collected, serum separated and glucose level was determined by kit method. The result suggests that the treatment of 325 mg/kg body weight significantly(p<0.05) decreased blood glucose and cholesterol level at 143 mg/dl and 166.33 mg/dl in the experimental group.Therefore, it is concluded that the D. mucronata possess significant anti-diabetic activity.

The response of Capsicum annuum L. growth to different phosphorus level and sowing dates

A field research was conducted in the horticulture nursery the Universityof Agriculture Peshawar during the period 25 February to 14 April 2013 on the response of chilli(Capsicum annuum) growth to phosphorus level and sowing dates, to know the suitable time of sowing for better production of chilli, and know the optimum level of phosphorus for better growth of chilli.Amid split plot arrangements,the design used for the experiment was a randomized complete block design. Two factors involved i.e. Phosphorus levels and date of Sowing. Main plot constitutes Phosphorus levels whereas sowing date was in sub plot. Three times total 12 treatments were replicated. During this research of chilli different growth level studyunder phosphorous from sowing to plants ripeness and fruits. With the increase in Phosphorous level all parameters via,the heightof plant, twigs no. and fruit number/plant increased significantly. Heightof plant and twigs number increased significantly at its 1st blossoming and yield with an increase in P levels up to the cure while at final yield all parameters greatly improved up to the P2 treatment. The greatest plant tallness at final yield was obtained from P2 greatest numbers of fruits were presents in final P3 phosphorus levels.Phosphorus level (70 Kg ha-1) showed significantly best results followed by (100 kg ha-1). The rest of the phosphorus level showed moderate results. Earlysowing date (25th February) was the best sowing date for bringelcultivation as compare the rest of the sowing dates. Thus it is recommended that bringelcultivation should be done during the 3rdweek of February and the phosphorus level should be between 70 and 100 kg ha-1 depending on the soil type.

Floristic Composition and Biological Spectrum of Hazarnoe Forest of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The plant species of Hazarnoe Forest of District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, were evaluated floristically from April 2016 to November 2017. Of the total 240 reported plant species, 38 were monocots, 196 dicots which belongs to 85 families and 188 genera respectively. Poaceae was the leading family contributed 20 species. Family Asteraceae contributed (14 spp.), Lamiaceae (13 spp.) while Papilionaceae and Solanaceae each with 10 species. Of the total plant taxa perennials were 161 species compared to annuals (73 spp.) and biennials (06 spp.). The dominant growth form was herbs that contributed (108 spp.) followed by trees (50spp.) and shrubs (45 spp.) respectively. Phanerophytes were the dominant life-form (92 spp.) whereas leaf size spectrum of microphyll was reported as abundant in the overall floristic. Phanerophytes and microphyll leaf size was the dominant life forms which show typical climate of subtropical region governing the area. Conclusion of study was that the vegetation of the area is under heavy biotic pressure and need proper conservation.