scholarly journals The Effects of Timing of a Leucine-Enriched Amino Acid Supplement on Body Composition and Physical Function in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Ikeda ◽  
Nobuo Morotomi ◽  
Arinori Kamono ◽  
Saki Ishimoto ◽  
Ryo Miyazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Post Exercise

The combination of exercise and nutritional intervention is widely used for stroke patients, as well as frail or sarcopenic older persons. As previously shown, supplemental branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) or protein to gain muscle mass has usually been given just after exercise. This study investigated the effect of the timing of supplemental BCAAs with exercise intervention on physical function in stroke patients. The participants were randomly assigned to two groups based on the timing of supplementation: breakfast (n = 23) and post-exercise (n = 23). The supplement in the breakfast group was provided at 08:00 with breakfast, and in the post-exercise group it was provided just after the exercise session in the afternoon at 14:00–18:00. In both groups, the exercise intervention was performed with two sessions a day for two months. The main effects were observed in body fat mass (p = 0.02, confidence interval (CI): 13.2–17.7), leg press strength (p = 0.04, CI: 94.5–124.5), and Berg balance scale (p = 0.03, CI: 41.6–52.6), but no interaction with intake timing was observed. Although the effect of the timing of supplementation on skeletal muscle mass was similar in both groups, BCAA intake with breakfast was effective for improving physical performance and decreasing body fat mass. The results suggest that a combination of BCAA intake with breakfast and an exercise program was effective for promoting rehabilitation of post-stroke patients.

scholarly journals A randomized controlled trial of two diets enriched with protein or fat in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with dapagliflozin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Daisuke Suzuki ◽  
Nobuichi Kuribayashi ◽  
Daigaku Uchida ◽  
Mitsutoshi Kato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Randomized Controlled

AbstractSodium-glucose cotranspsorter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) involve loss of skeletal muscle mass, potentially leading to inadequate HbA1c reduction in type 2 diabetes (T2DM), since muscle mass is related to insulin sensitivity. The benefit of protein-enriched diet for improving HbA1c in SGLT2i-treated T2DM patients remains unclear. We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled, investigator-initiated clinical trial. 130 T2DM patients treated with dapagliflozin (5 mg) were randomized to isoenergic protein-rich formula diet (P-FD) or fat-rich FD (F-FD) (1:1 allocation) to replace one of three meals/day for 24 weeks. Primary outcome was change in HbA1c. Secondary outcomes were changes in serum insulin, body composition and other metabolic parameters. Although HbA1c decreased significantly in both groups [mean (95% confidence interval) − 0.7% (− 0.9 to − 0.5) in P-FD, − 0.6% (− 0.8 to − 0.5) in F-FD], change in HbA1c was not significantly different between the two groups (P = 0.4474). Fasting insulin and body fat mass decreased, while HDL-cholesterol increased significantly in P-FD, and these changes were significantly greater compared with F-FD (all, P < 0.05). In T2DM treated with dapagliflozin, protein-enriched diet does not contribute to HbA1c reduction, although it decreases serum insulin and body fat mass, and increases HDL-cholesterol compared with fat-enriched diet with identical calories and carbohydrate ratio.

P1569ADIPONECTIN IS ASSOCIATED WITH DECLINE IS SKELETAL MUSCLE MASS AND BONE MINERAL CONTENT IN PATIENTS ON HEMODIALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Ogawa ◽  
Toshimitsu Koga ◽  
Daisuke Fuwa ◽  
Hirofumi Tamaki ◽  
Takayuki Nanbu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Total Plasma

Abstract Background and Aims Patients on hemodialysis are prone to undernutrition, malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome, and protein-energy wasting (PEW). One of the major adipocytokines adiponectin (ADPN) is involved in anti-arteriosclerotic and anti-inflammatory processes. However, ADPN is implicated in muscle weakness and loss of muscle mass in the elderly in addition to sarcopenia. At the 2019 ERA-EDTA Congress, we announced that total plasma ADPN levels in patients on hemodialysis (HD) showed a significant inverse correlation with BMI, body fat in percentage, mass and estimated skeletal muscle mass, and ADPN may be involved in sarcopenia in patients on HD. Herein, we investigated the association of ADPN level with sarcopenia in patients on HD using a method different from the one used in our previous study. We examined the relationship between total plasma ADPN level and the rate of change in estimated skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass over 5 years after the plasma ADPN measurement. Furthermore, we analyzed whether an elevated ADPN level was predictive of a subsequent decline in these parameters. Method Total plasma ADPN levels were measured using ELISA (Bio Vendor-Laboratorni Medicina a.s., Czech Republic) in 42 male patients on HD (age: 51.1 ± 9.0 years, dialysis vintage: 144.8 ± 99.2 months, BMI: 21.8 ± 3.2, dry BW: 62.0 ± 10.9 kg, dialysis time: 15.6 ± 3.1 hours/week). The estimates of skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass were made using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MFBIA) within the same year when total plasma ADPN level were first measured in 2011 as well as in 2016. We then calculated the rates of change in the estimated skeletal muscle mass, bone mineral content, and body fat mass over the 5 years and correlated these parameters with the total plasma ADPN measurements. Results Conclusion Total plasma ADPN levels inversely correlate with larger rates of decrease in estimated skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content in patients on HD. This suggests that ADPN may play a role in the decline in skeletal muscle mass and bone mineral content over time in patients on HD.

scholarly journals Correction: Marhuenda, J., et al. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial to Determine the Effectiveness a Polyphenolic Extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa and Lippia citriodora) in the Reduction of Body Fat Mass in Healthy Subjects. Foods 2020, 9(1), 55

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Javier Marhuenda ◽  
Silvia Perez-Piñero ◽  
Desirée Victoria-Montesinos ◽  
María Salud Abellán-Ruiz ◽  
Nuria Caturla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Lippia Citriodora ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract

The authors wish to make the following correction to this paper [...]

scholarly journals Effects of PM2.5 on Skeletal Muscle Mass and Body Fat Mass of the Elderly in Taipei, Taiwan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Hsien Chen ◽  
Li-Ying Huang ◽  
Kang-Yun Lee ◽  
Chih-Da Wu ◽  
Hung-Che Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Body Fat Mass

scholarly journals Relationship between sarcopenia and the serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio in Japanese rural community-dwelling older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kusunoki ◽  
Shotaro Tsuji ◽  
Yosuke Wada ◽  
Mayuka Fukai ◽  
Koutatsu Nagai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Elderly Individuals

Background:Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in skeletal muscle volume and function, is associated with negative clinical and socioeconomic outcomes in elderly people. Clinical biomarkers to diagnose sarcopenia that can be quantified in a reliable, and cost- effective manner, are needed. We investigated whether the creatinine (Cr) /cystatin C (CysC) ratio is correlated with muscle volume and physical function in Japanese community-dwelling elderly subjects. Methods: The present study included 213 men aged 73.2±6.2 years and 464 women aged 72.4±5.5 years from a rural area in the Hyogo prefecture of Japan. To evaluate whether the Cr/CysC ratio is correlated with sarcopenia criteria in elderly individuals with preserved kidney function, we excluded subjects with estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <45. Results:The prevalence of sarcopenia diagnosed according to the AWGS criteria was 2.8% in men and 3.4% in women. The Cr/CysC ratio correlated with skeletal mass index (r = 0.49, p <0.0001), skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.53, p <0.0001), grip power (r = 0.59, p <0.0001), knee extension muscle strength (r = 0.49, p <0.0001), normal gait speed (r = 0.18, p <0.0001), and maximal gait speed (r = 0.32, p <0.0001). A negative correlation between the Cr/CysC ratio and, body fat mass (r = -0.20, p <0.0001) and percentage of body fat mass (r = -0.39, p <0.0001) was observed. In a multiple regression analysis, Cr/CysC was also found to be significantly positively correlated with each component of the sarcopenia criteria. Conclusions:Even in elderly individuals with preserved kidney function, the Cr/CysC ratio was positively correlated with muscle volume and physical function and negatively correlated with body fat mass. Therefore, the Cr/CysC ratio might be a useful biomarker to predict sarcopenia. 

scholarly journals Body composition and health behaviors among older women attending regular fitness classes: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Agata Mroczek ◽  
Iwona Dobrowolska ◽  
Magdalena Golachowska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Senior Women

Background: The average lifespan is increasing worldwide, although the healthspan and quality of life is not. Many older adults either have a chronic disease, excessive body mass, or do not follow the healthy lifestyle recommendations as for nutrition and physical activity. Aim of the study: This study aimed to assess the relationship between body composition among senior women and health behaviors in the five domains of nutrition, body care, rest, safety and physical activity. Material and methods: The study group consisted of 36 women attending fitness classes. The Positive Health Behavior Questionnaire was used as the qualitative measurement and participant height, weight and body composition were measured. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR ), Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) were calculated. Results: Significant correlations (p≤0.05) were found between attending organized physical activities and higher muscle mass and higher BMR. Moreover, (a) sleeping at least six to seven hours at night correlated with a lower BMI and lower body fat mass; (b) spending at least 20–30 minutes a day resting correlated with lower visceral fat; (c) devoting at least 30 minutes daily to moderate or heavy physical exertion correlated with lower body fat mass, percent of body fat and visceral adiposity. Conclusions: The study shows strong relationships between physical activity, dietary patterns, rest, length of sleep, BMI, adiposity and muscle mass of physically active senior women. The results suggest it is necessary to actively promote and support older women in implementing healthy behaviors consistently in their life.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF PROGRAMMED FITNESS EXERCISE ON BODY COMPOSITION AMONG PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 047
Author(s):  
Predrag Bićanin ◽  
Saša Milenković ◽  
Dragan Radovanović ◽  
Aco Gajević ◽  
Jelena Ivanović
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Mass Percentage ◽  
Fitness Clubs ◽  
Experimental Group

This research included a sample of 79 pre-school boys aged 6 and 7 with 40 of them in the experimental group and 39 in the control group. Their current state of body composition was studied, as well as their relations after a 6-month fitness treatment that the experimental group of participants was involved in, in order to analyze its effects. The experimental group had two classes per week, in addition to regular programmed activities as part of the children’s sport school (three times per week), and as part of 48 of additional, six-month training lessons of exercising in sport (fitness) clubs. The following variables have been used to evaluate body composition with the application of bio-electric impedance In Body 230 such as: muscle mass, percentage of muscle mass, body fat mass, percentage of body fat mass, fat free mass, percentage of fat free mass. Although small to moderate effects were obtained by the double mixed ANOVA, the results show the experimental group’s achievements as significantly higher than those of the control group. Furthermore, with individual eta coefficient findings in comparison with each group measurements, it is clear that the value of the obtained effects is different between groups to the benefit of the experimental group. Permanent implementation of the proposed programme could contribute to an improvement on the studied body composition variables which can result in the better health status of children in future.    

scholarly journals Efficacy of Whole-Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Non-athletic Adults. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Kemmler ◽  
Mahdieh Shojaa ◽  
James Steele ◽  
Joshua Berger ◽  
Michael Fröhlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Trunk Extension

This systematic review and meta-analysis set out to determine the efficacy on whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on body composition and strength parameters in non-athletic cohorts. A systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA statement included (a) controlled trials, (b) WB-EMS trials with at least one exercise and one control group, (c) WB-EMS as primary physical intervention, (d) WB-EMS with at least six electrodes covering most muscle groups, (e) non-athletic cohorts. We searched eight electronic databases up to June 30, 2020, without language restrictions. Standardized mean differences (SMD) for muscle mass parameters, total body fat mass, maximum leg extension, and trunk extension strength were defined as outcome measures. In summary, 16 studies with 19 individual WB-EMS groups representing 897 participants were included. Studies vary considerably with respect to age, BMI, and physical conditions. Impulse protocols of the studies were roughly comparable, but training frequency (1–5 sessions/week) and intervention length (6–54 weeks) differed between the studies. SMD average was 1.23 (95%-CI: 0.71–1.76) for muscle mass, 0.98 (0.74–1.22) for maximum leg, and 1.08 (0.78–1.39) for maximum trunk extension strength changes (all p &lt; 0.001). SMD for body fat changes (−0.40, [−0.98 to 0.17]), however, did not reach significance. I2 and Q-statistics revealed substantial heterogeneity of muscle and fat mass changes between the trials. However, rank and regression tests did not indicate positive evidence for small-study bias and funnel plot asymmetries. This work provided further evidence for significant, large-sized effects of WB-EMS on muscle mass and strength parameters, but not on body fat mass.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, PROSPERO; ID: CRD42020183059.

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