SARS-CoV-2
S-protein:human ACE2 complex models.<div>QM-MM optimized active site model of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein:human ACE2 interface.</div><div>ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31G*:PM7)
method is the chosen QM-MM method. </div><div> DFT B3LYP/6-31G* level data on energetics is reported for drug-receptor interaction.</div><div>Several FDA approved drugs and traditional herbal isolates are modelled.</div><div>Used Gaussian16 to model the systems.</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><p>The interface cavity of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein:human
ACE2 complex (<b>M</b>) for ligand (<b>L</b>) binding is modelled using a two layer ONIOM(B3LYP/6-31G*:PM7) method for
sixteen traditional herbal isolates (THI) and nineteen drugs. The binding energy (E<sub>b</sub>) of <b>ML</b> complexes increased with increase in
dipole moment of <b>L</b>s. E<sub>b</sub> better than -80.0 kcal/mol is
observed for digallic acid and adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate whereas myricetin,
glucogallin, sapropterin, tetrahydrobiopterin,
protirelin and fidarestat<b> </b>showed
E<sub>b</sub> better than -60.0 kcal/mol. Multiple noncovalent interactions emanating
from arginine, histidine, tyrosine, lysine, carboxylate and amide units (total
around 6 - 8) of <b>L</b>, S-protein and ACE2 receptors provide the high
binding energy. The sugar substitute aspartame modified with myricetin unit
showed the best E<sub>b</sub> -91.7 kcal/mol. ONIOM-linked DFT study is
effective, affordable and reliable for a quantum chemical rational design
approach to model drug-receptor binding process for COVID-19 drug development which
sheds light upon the noncovalent binding features of receptor cavity.</p>