Leadership in the Twenty-First Century: Working to Build a Civil Society

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rick Foster
Crowdsourcing ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1363-1378
Author(s):  
Christiana Soares de Freitas ◽  
Isabela Nascimento Ewerton

Networks for cyberactivism have been developed in Brazil since the end of the 20th century. This chapter presents results of a three-year research about networks for digital political participation developed by civil society. The research analyzed 41 networks according to specific analytical categories to deepen the understanding about their potential to foster citizens' engagement in political initiatives and strengthen democracy. Several mechanisms that considerably stimulate a culture of political participation were clearly observed. Possibilities for political acting through those networks tend to narrow the gap between citizens' claims and government actions but that is not always the case. There is a lack of synergy between citizens' demands and strategic planning of public policies and other political outcomes. Some hypotheses are discussed to understand this context and reflect on the trends and challenges to digital democracy in the twenty-first century.


Race & Class ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Harris

The beginning of the twenty-first century has witnessed the rise of exciting new revolutionary movements against capitalist globalisation. They are characterised, in Latin America particularly, by qualitatively different strategies from the socialist movements of the last century. Rather than vanguard parties leading a Leninist insurrection or Maoist people's war, these movements are building broad social blocs in a Gramscian war of position and manoeuvre. It is suggested here that these movements are best viewed from the standpoint of a democratic dialectic linking together the roles of the state, the market and civil society. This recognises the need to build institutional power in each sector as well as the play of contradictions within and between each aspect of society. In what follows, an attempt is made to develop theory that can explain and contain the actual social practice of the new revolutionary struggles.


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