Governance and public policies against rural depopulation through the case of La Rioja (Spain)

Rural depopulation has become one of the central issues on the public agenda in the last decade in Spain. However, despite this visibility and the measures that are being developed, the process is still present. Within the policies against depopulation and rural development, the role of participation and empowerment of the affected populations has become particularly important. The objective is based on the fact that, through a more horizontal governance, they are the protagonists of the actions and measures that affect them, and that this governance becomes a means to avoid the depopulation of rural areas. The European Union's LEADER approach and the Local Action Groups have become the paradigm of this rural governance that favours their development and tackles depopulation. This article analyses the situation of rural governance in the case of a Spanish region such as La Rioja, which is affected by the depopulation of a large part of its rural areas. It starts with a theoretical framework that addresses the concept itself and how it is being articulated with issues such as social capital, territorial capital and participation, as well as the strengths and weaknesses of the scenarios that are being generated, based on the differences between territories. Next, the frameworks of depopulation in Spain are presented, which are marking the very public policies on the issue. Finally, the situation in La Rioja is addressed, focusing on the role of the regional government's plans and strategies to tackle depopulation and the role of the Local Action Groups.

Public policies against gender violence and the problems for their implementation: Guayaquil-Ecuador analysis case

Gender violence is a global social problem. Although in Ecuador there have been achievements in recent decades, this phenomenon persists and tends to increase. This contrasts with the progressive approval of regulations aimed at ending this social problem and responding to the victims. It is relevant, therefore, to analyze the implementation of public policies, in the specific case of the city of Guayaquil, through the documentary review of the investigative, normative and strategic background, as a part of the objectives of a doctoral thesis that is on investigative process1. For this, the data that indicate the problem magnitude were interpreted and the behavior of the elements that influence its solution was studied. The results showed deficiencies and non-compliance with the legislation and lack of attention to the problem by the responsible institutions. As a conclusion, the need for the conscious application of the provisions, the operation of the System and its instruments, the allocation of the necessary budget and above all, increase the prevention work and the initiative to adopt practical solutions at the level of the autonomous government of the territory.

Commodification of media in helping public relations performance in the regional development sector in Indonesia

Indonesia is referred to as a multicultural country, so the context of the multicultural country that is built is based on ethnicity, race, religion, groups and not customary groups where the placement of customs is part of the process of formulating public policies. This means that the context of life in the Indonesian state is multikulepresion or a country consisting of various kinds of differences. Therefore, to build good relations, it is necessary to build multicultural communication, especially in any media in supporting development in various regional sectors in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to describe commodification of media in helping public relations performance in the regional development sector in Indonesia: multicultural communication humanization. This research is descriptive qualitative research with ethnographic communication approach. Processing of data through the process of collecting, collecting, selecting, and presenting. The analysis technique uses communication interpretation. The results of the study indicate that development communication includes; (1) multicultural as the main character of the Indonesian nation; (2) dimensions of development through media; (3) humanization and societies in the regional development sector in Indonesia.

Chilean Public Policies and their Impact on Biotechnology Small and Medium Enterprises

It is difficult to find cases of technology-based Small and Medium Enterprises in developing countries, however Chile has some within the biotechnology sector. How has this been possible? As a consequence of the different public policies and structural economic conditions that allowed their emergence, especially in the 1990s. This study describes the historical conditions and how they have been able to create a sector within the Chilean economy. From the analysis of secondary data the emergence of this type of company within the country is described. This analysis shows the link between structural conditions and appropriate public policies, meaning that these companies did not emerge by chance. Understanding their development process is crucial to promote the creation of more such technology-based Small and Medium Enterprises, as they have many positive externalities and are more globally competitive.

Lo necesario, lo superfluo y la medición de la pobreza

El objetivo de este trabajo es unir la aportación de la filosofía escolástica con la técnica de la medición de la pobreza a fin de clarificar cuánto ingreso debe ser normativamente considerado para adquirir “lo necesario” para vivir. La escolástica ha diferenciado –desde Tomás de Aquino- los bienes necesarios, los socialmente necesarios y los superfluos. Sobre los dos primeros se reconocieron derechos de propiedad usufructuaria, pero no sobre los superfluos. Lo que el trabajo investiga es saber si la línea de pobreza absoluta, nacional o internacional (actualmente establecida en $1,90 diarios en PPP de 2011) da buena cuenta de la capacidad para adquirir “lo necesario”. Rechazada esta opción se propone un Índice de Acceso a lo Necesario y se analizan las consecuencias de políticas públicas que conlleva la ambigüedad de “lo necesario”. The goal of this work is to combine the contribution of scholastic philosophy with the technique of poverty measurement in order to clarify how much income should be normatively considered in order to acquire "what is necessary" to live. Scholasticism has differentiated - from Thomas Aquinas - the necessary, socially necessary and superfluous goods. On the first two rights of usufruct property were recognized, but not on the superfluous ones. What the research investigates is whether the absolute poverty line, national or international (currently set at $ 1.90 per day in PPP 2011) gives a good account of the capability to acquire "what is necessary". Once this option is rejected, an Index of Access to the Necessary is proposed and the consequences of public policies that entail the ambiguity of "what is necessary" are analyzed.

A Geração Lula, de Alberto Pucheu: olhares para a poesia brasileira do século XXI / Alberto Pucheu’s Geração Lula: Glances Towards the 21st Century Brazilian Poetry

Resumo: Uma nova geração de poetas, geralmente vindos de classes mais baixas e que experienciaram o acesso ao ensino superior, graças às políticas públicas dos governos petistas, entre 2003 e 2016, tem sido chamada, por Alberto Pucheu, de Geração Lula. Neste artigo buscou-se analisar um pouco da produção de alguns poetas desse grupo e entendê-los à luz do que Marcos Siscar e Celia Pedrosa concebem por poesia brasileira contemporânea. Observou-se nos poetas selecionados uma ligação com a ideia de a poesia apresentar-se em um prosaísmo narrativo, uma liberdade temática e formal que, por vezes, pode coincidir em um ambiente de coletividade.Palavras-chave: Geração Lula; poesia brasileira contemporânea; poetisas.Abstract: A new generation of poets, usually from the lower classes and who have experienced access to college education due to the public policies of PT governments, from 2003 to 2016, has been called, by Alberto Pucheu, Geração Lula. In this article it was sought to analyze some of the production of a few poets of this group and to understand them in the light of what Marcos Siscar and Celia Pedrosa conceive for contemporary Brazilian poetry. It was observed in the selected poets a connection to the idea of poetry presenting itself in a narrative prosaism, a thematic and formal freedom that, sometimes, can coincide in a collective environment.

Resilience in the Context of Pandemics and Disasters: A Framework for Public Governance, Ecosystem Innovation, Co-creation, and Co-production

This article, through a literature review, explores evidence that public governance positively influences and stimulates the innovation ecosystem, the co-creation, and co-production of resilience in communities that are victims of disasters, shocks, and even pandemic disasters, such as COVID-19. Disaster scenarios of all kinds cause millions of damage to society. The negative impacts of these contexts disasters, shocks, catastrophes, even if pandemic, such as COVID-19, can be greater or lesser, depending on the dysfunctions of governance and the negative barriers to the creation of public policies consistent with the capacity for resilience. Thus, the possible solution to this scenario may be based on public governance, if the pubic governance is instituted in an organized, integrated, and articulated manner. For this purpose, a theoretical conceptual framework of value creation is proposed through public governance that values and stimulates the innovation ecosystem, the co-creation, co-production of value, and a static, hierarchical, and linear structural vision. There is theoretical evidence that public governance can promote resilience in communities that are victims of disasters, shocks, pandemics or disturbances, through an ecosystem of innovation, co-creation and co-production of value. In this regard, at the end of this article, a theoretical-conceptual framework for creating public value is proposed.

Contemporary Public Policies to Strengthen Family Farming in the International Perspective: A Bibliometric Study

Family farming produces most of the fresh food consumed in large urban centers. However, its success depends on a variety of public policies, which range from strengthening the means of production to supporting marketing channels. In this article, we conduct a careful bibliometric analysis of studies in the international literature that address “family farming, public policies, and socioeconomic development”. The aim of the study is to identify and classify the public policies aimed at supporting family farming and socioeconomic development. We carried out a systematic literature review considering five international scientific journal databases using pairs of the keywords “public policies”, “family farming” and “socioeconomic development”. The resulting sample was a total of 625 articles, covering the period between 1984 and 2020. A bibliometric analysis of the first 50 articles selected by the Methodi Ordinatio tool was performed. For the final portfolio, 10 variables were analyzed to better assess and understand the current literature. Our analysis shows an increase in publications in the last five years, with articles from South America being more prevalent than those from other continents. Brazil being one of the key countries that has developed public policies aimed at family farming and rural socioeconomic development.