Know how to shift gears to boost productivity, improve leadership

The advent of the environmental SEM (ESEM) has made possible the examination of uncoated and untreated specimen surfaces in the presence of a gaseous or liquid environment. However, the question arises as to what degree the examined surface remains unaffected by the action of the electron beam. It is reasonable to assume that the beam invariably affects all specimens but the type and degree of effect may be totally unimportant for one class of applications and totally unacceptable for another; yet, for a third class, it is imperative to know how our observations are modified by the presence of the beam. The aim of this report is to create an awareness of the need to initiate research work in various fields in order to determine the guiding rules of the limitations (or even advantages) due to irradiation.

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Computer programs for the calculation of x-ray intensities emitted by elements in multi-layer structures

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100134685 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 216-217

Author(s):

G.F. Bastin ◽

H.J.M. Heijligers ◽

J.M. Dijkstra

Keyword(s):

Software Package ◽

Light Element ◽

Matrix Correction ◽

Excellent Performance ◽

Element Analysis ◽

X Ray ◽

Know How ◽

Accurate Knowledge ◽

Layer Structures ◽

Bulk Matrix

For the calculation of X-ray intensities emitted by elements present in multi-layer systems it is vital to have an accurate knowledge of the x-ray ionization vs. mass-depth (ϕ(ρz)) curves as a function of accelerating voltage and atomic number of films and substrate. Once this knowledge is available the way is open to the analysis of thin films in which both the thicknesses as well as the compositions can usually be determined simultaneously.Our bulk matrix correction “PROZA” with its proven excellent performance for a wide variety of applications (e.g., ultra-light element analysis, extremes in accelerating voltage) has been used as the basis for the development of the software package discussed here. The PROZA program is based on our own modifications of the surface-centred Gaussian ϕ(ρz) model, originally introduced by Packwood and Brown. For its extension towards thin film applications it is required to know how the 4 Gaussian parameters α, β, γ and ϕ(o) for each element in each of the films are affected by the film thickness and the presence of other layers and the substrate.

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Spreading the Word: Raise Your Profession's Profile With Local Angles on National News

ASHA Leader ◽

10.1044/leader.stw.18022013.np ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Know How ◽

The Media

How to use your local know-how to get the media to pay attention.

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Experience With Grant Writing: Where Do I Even Begin?

Perspectives on School-Based Issues ◽

10.1044/sbi11.1.21 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 21-24

Author(s):

Nicole M. Mancini

Keyword(s):

Lessons Learned ◽

Economic Situation ◽

Grant Writing ◽

Personal Journey ◽

Know How ◽

Daunting Task

Abstract At first, grant writing may look like a daunting task. You may ask yourself, “Is it really worth the time and effort?” With today's economic situation, teachers and therapists need ways to supplement their programs and grants provide such an opportunity. However, many of us do not know how to get started. After a few experiences and many lessons learned, I have come to enjoy researching and writing grants to supplement my students' learning. It is well worth the time and effort. This article provides information about a personal journey, lessons learned, and resources to get you started.

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