AN ALGORITHMIC SCHEME FOR APPROXIMATING CENTER MANIFOLDS AND NORMAL FORMS FOR FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

2007 ◽  
pp. 193-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ait Babram
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Normal Forms ◽  
Functional Differential Equations ◽  
Center Manifolds ◽  
Functional Differential

Equivalence of the MTS Method and CMR Method for Differential Equations Associated with Semisimple Singularity

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Yu ◽  
Yuting Ding ◽  
Weihua Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equations ◽  
Ordinary Differential Equations ◽  
Delay Differential Equations ◽  
Normal Forms ◽  
Functional Differential Equations ◽  
Multiple Time Scales ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Center Manifold Reduction ◽  
Functional Differential ◽  
Delay Differential

In this paper, the equivalence of the multiple time scales (MTS) method and the center manifold reduction (CMR) method is proved for computing the normal forms of ordinary differential equations and delay differential equations. The delay equations considered include general delay differential equations (DDE), neutral functional differential equations (NFDE) (or neutral delay differential equations (NDDE)), and partial functional differential equations (PFDE). The delays involved in these equations can be discrete or distributed. Particular attention is focused on dynamics associated with the semisimple singularity, and both the MTS and CMR methods are applied to compute the normal forms near the semisimple singular point. For the ordinary differential equations (ODE), we show that the two methods are equivalent up to any order in computing the normal forms; while for the differential equations with delays, we obtain the conditions under which the normal forms, derived by using the MTS and CMR methods, are identical up to third order. Different types of practical examples with delays are presented to demonstrate the application of the theoretical results, associated with Hopf, Hopf-zero and double-Hopf singularities.

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